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Introduction Of Genetics PowerPoint Presentation

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Published on : Jul 06, 2017 | Views : 382 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Introduction to Genetics
Slide 2-

- the DNA molecule - nucleotides - chromosomes vs genes - DNA replication - cell division
Slide 3-

The DNA molecule Composed of 2 polymers of nucleotides Polymers are oriented in antiparallel Molecule resembles a spiral staircase of complementary base pairs
Slide 4-

Nucleotide structure of DNA Each nucleotide of DNA contains: Deoxyribose Phosphate Nitrogen base (either A, G, C, T)
Slide 5-

Nucleotide structure of RNA Each nucleotide of RNA contains: Ribose Phosphate Nitrogen base (either A, G, C, U*) *contains Uracil instead of Thymine
Slide 6-

DNA structure “Double helix” propsed by Watson and Crick (1953) Antiparallel backbones Complementary base pairing: Adenine to Thymine Cytosine to Guanine
Slide 7-

DNA structure
Slide 8-

Chromosomes vs Genes A chromosome constitutes an entire DNA molecule + protein Protein = histones Supercoiled DNA in nucleosomes Humans contain 46 such molecules (23 pairs) 44 somatic chromosomes 2 sex chromosomes (X +Y)
Slide 9-

Chromosomes vs Genes Genes constitute distinct regions on the chromosome Each gene codes for a protein product DNA -> RNA-> protein Differences in proteins brings about differences between individuals and species
Slide 10-

How do chromosomes become double stranded? Answer: DNA replication During the life of the cell, each chromosome of DNA makes a copy of itself This must occur prior to cell division to insure each daughter cell gets a complete set
Slide 11-

Therefore, prior to dividing, any cell must first replicate DNA Each single-stranded (SS) chromosome duplicates to become a double-stranded (DS) chromosome Example: A human cell is formed with 46 SS chromosomes Each chromosome replicates to produce 46 DS chromosomes
Slide 12-

DNA replication
Slide 13-

DNA replication occurs during the life of a cell = the Cell Cycle DNA replicates (makes a copy of itself) to produce DS chromosomes During this time, the cytoplasmic contents also duplicate Spindle tubules form to aid in the process of cell division Mitosis in body cells Meiosis in sex cells
Slide 14-

The cell cycle
Slide 15-

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