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Infectious Diseases PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical titled "Infectious Diseases”.

This medical is about Infectious diseases, illnesses caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. These microorganisms can spread from person to person, through contact with contaminated surfaces, or via a vector such as an insect or animal. Infectious diseases can affect any part of the body and can range from mild to severe, sometimes leading to life-threatening complications.

Some examples of infectious diseases include Influenza (flu),Tuberculosis (TB), HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Malaria, Cholera, Lyme disease, Measles, and COVID-19.

Tags : microorganisms, viruses, fungi, parasites, common cold, flu, tuberculosis, malaria, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, COVID-19, Infectious Disease, Infectious Disease

Published on : Jun 01, 2023 | Views : 1216 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Immune System Part 1: Infectious Disease Chapter 40-1 & 2
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Infectious Disease Disrupts normal body function (homeostasis) Caused by a pathogen. Pathogen: anything that invades your body & causes a disease Ex: bacteria, protozoan, fungi, viruses, parasites, worms It can be contagious = infectious
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Disease Transmission People may carry a disease without even knowing it. Can be spread during the incubation period (before symptoms occur) Transmission by: 1. Direct contact Kissing 2. Indirect contact-through the air coughing & sneezing 3. Contact with object sharing drinks, door knobs, desks
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4. Infected animals Vector transmits disease Ex: mosquito 5. Contaminated food or water food poisoning
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Agents of Disease Bacteria Viruses Protists feed on nutrients in host’s blood ex: malaria, dysentery Worms parasitic flatworms & round worms ex: tapeworms & hook worms See Next Sections
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Fungi most are harmless attack moist areas, like the skin, scalp, mouth & throat ex: ringworms & athlete’s foot
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Bacteria Bacteria: prokaryote cells (no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles) Most bacteria are helpful or harmless A few are pathogens; they release toxins in our bodies streptococcus (strep throat), staphylococcus (staph infection) Most bacterial pathogens are fought by the immune system or can be treated with ANTIBIOTICS
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Antibiotic Resistance Currently, many bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics This is because of antibiotics being over prescribed (often for viral infections, which they have no effect on)
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Viruses Virus: a NONLIVING protein coat surrounding either DNA or RNA Viruses are NON-LIVING: Do not grow or develop Do not obtain or use energy Do not respond to environment
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However, viruses have some properties of living things: Have genetic material DNA or RNA Can replicate--but only by using the host cell Can evolve
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Vaccines PREVENT viral infection Person is injected with a weakened virus. The immune system can later recognize the normal virus and fight it off Ex: measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), smallpox, polio, flu strains (swine flu)
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Viral infections are fought by the immune system or with anti-viral drugs. Some viruses are too strong and too fast for the immune system to fight. These viruses lead to: Epidemics (over large areas) Pandemics (over whole countries) To treat mass outbreaks: contain the area and quarantine the infected.
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Common Viruses Influenza (Flu Virus) Kills 30,000 Americans every year Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
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Deadly Viruses Ebola virus Africa ~90% mortality rate SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome) China 2002-3 5328 cases, 349 deaths
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Compare Contrast Contrast Double Bubble: Viruses vs. Bacteria pg. 60 Prevent with: Most are: Treat with: Treat with:
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Double Bubble: Viruses vs. Bacteria Compare Contrast Contrast Prevent with: Vaccines Most are: Harmless Treat with: Anti-viral drugs Treat with: Antibiotics Not Alive! Make you sick Cause Infectious Diseases Prokaryote Cells
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The Immune System Part 2 Human Body Systems Chapter 40-2
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Immune System Immune System: bodies defense system against disease White Blood Cells (WBCs) fight infection through inactivating foreign substances or cells soldiers of your defense system
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Immune Divisions Overview Nonspecific Defenses Specific Defenses
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Nonspecific Defenses Body protects itself the SAME way regardless of what is invading it Fast-acting Response Lines of Defense 1. Skin- protective barrier 2. Fever- raises body temp. to kill infection 3. Inflammation- swelling & redness
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Specific Defenses Immune system attacks specific pathogen Pathogen can be recognized by its antigen
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HI, MY NAME IS Pathogens & Antigens Pathogens (things that infect you) contain antigens Antigens are like chemical markers (name tag) that tell what the pathogen is Haha! I am the pathogen. I have invaded you! Antigen Swine Flu Virus
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WBCs & Antibodies WBCs can recognize the antigens because they have antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that recognize and bind to the antigen because they fit together Antibodies mark the pathogen for destruction Y Y Y Y Antibody Nooo!
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Types of WBCs White blood cells are produced by bone marrow & lymphatic glands Macrophages: “eat” & destroy pathogens Some pathogens are marked for destruction by antibodies Lymphocytes (B-cells & T-cells) B-cells- make antibodies T-cells- recognize & kill pathogen Y Y Y Y Nooo!
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1. Fighting Pathogens in Body B-cells- make antibodies Primary Response: 3-6 days B-cell activated: antibody binds to antigen to mark it for destruction B-memory cells “remember” antigen in case of second infection Y Y Y Y Antibody Nooo!
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Secondary Response: 2-3 days Exposure to same antigen later B-memory cells respond faster to make antibodies Do not get sick Memory Cells = IMMUNITY Y I remember… Y
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2. Fighting Pathogens inside Cells T-cells: recognize and kill infected self cell Helper T-cells recognize antigen and: tell B-cells to make antibodies attract Killer T-cells: kill infected self-cell by injecting enzymes (trained assassins) Hello, I am a deadly Killer T-cell
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HIV A retrovirus (has RNA) that targets and kills Helper T-cells Leaves immune system defenseless against disease Develops into the disease AIDS
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Acquired Immunity Immunity is acquired after exposure to antigen 2 Kinds Active Immunity: you make antibodies in response to antigen Vaccine Natural exposure to pathogen Passive Immunity: you obtain antibodies from another source Mother’s milk gives baby antibodies
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Y I am a deadly Killer T-cell. Die infected cell! Infected Self Cell Haha! I am the pathogen. I have invaded you! Antigen Y Nooo! Y Y Y Y Y The Immune Response Team Y Y Antibodies I am the all-knowing Helper-T cell. I recognize the antigen. Y I remember… Antibody-mediated Immune Response I have invaded your tissues! I have invaded your cell! Cell-mediated Immune Response Killer T-cell Macrophage I will eat invaders!!! Plasma cell Y Suppressor T-cell
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Word Bank (Homework) Pathogen Immune system White blood cells Non specific defenses Specific defenses Antigen Antibodies Macrophages Lymphocytes (B cells & T cells)