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Human Body Systems-Nervous Muscles and Skeleton Systems PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Neurology, which is titled "Human Body Systems - Nervous, Muscles, and Skeleton Systems", to know about the Nervous, Muscles, and Skeleton Systems of the Human Body.

Tags : Neurology, Human Body Systems, Nervous, Muscles, Skeleton Systems

Published on : Aug 29, 2021 | Views : 1687 | Downloads : 6

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Slide 1-

Human Body Systems Nervous /Muscles/Skeleton Systems
Slide 2-

Human Body Systems Humans have complex systems Cells are grouped for efficiency Dynamic equilibrium
Slide 3-

Levels of Organization In a multicellular organism levels are: cells  tissues organs organ systems tissues: group of similar cells that perform same function organ: group of tissues that work together to perform complex function (ex: sight) organ system: group of organs that perform closely related functions
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Human Organ Systems Nervous System Respiratory System Digestive System Skeletal System Muscular System Circulatory System Excretory System Endocrine System Lymphatic/Immune System Reproductive System
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Body Systems Functions Although each of the 10 organ systems has a different set of functions, they all work together, as a whole, to maintain homeostasis.
Slide 6-

Nervous System The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli Nearly all multicellular organisms have communication systems Specialized cells carry messages from one cell to another Smooth and efficient communication through the body
Slide 7-

Nervous System Messages carried by nervous system are electrical signals called impulses Cells that transmit these impulses are called neurons (basic units of nervous system) 3 types of neurons Sensory Motor Interneurons
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Neurons Sensory: Carry impulses from sense organs (eyes, ears, etc) to the spinal cord and brain Motor: carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them
Slide 9-

Parts of a Neuron Cell Body Largest part; contains nucleus and most of cytoplasm Most metabolic activities occur here Dendrites Short, branched extensions Carry impulses from environment or other neuron toward cell body Neurons can have several dendrites Axon Long fiber which carries impulses away from cell body Ends in axon terminals, located a distance away from cell body Neurons only have one axon Myelin Sheath Insulating membrane surrounding axon
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Neuron
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Nerve Impulse An impulse begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or the environment
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Synapse Location where a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell Space between neurons Neurotransmitters are chemicals used by neurons to transmit an impulse across the synapse
Slide 13-

Human Nervous System Divided into two major divisions: Central Nervous System (CNS) Relays messages, processes info and analyzes info Peripheral Nervous System Receives information from the environment and relays commands from the CNS to organs and glands
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Central Nervous System Brain Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem Thalamus and hypothalamus
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Brain Made of 50-100 billion neurons 4 lobes or regions Frontal Lobe- memory, judgment, inhibitions, personality Temporal Lobe- Long term memory, auditory processing Occipital Lobe- Vision processing Parietal Lobe- Sensory integration
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Spinal Cord Main communications link between the brain and the rest of the body Certain kinds of info (reflexes) are processed in spinal cord Reflex is a quick, automatic response to a stimulus Sneezing and blinking Allows your body to respond to danger immediately without thinking
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Peripheral Nervous System Lies outside of CNS Consists of all the nerves and cells that are not a part of the brain or spinal cord Cranial nerves Divided into 2 divisions: Sensory Motor
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Peripheral Nervous System Sensory division: transmits impulses from sense organs to the CNS Motor division: transmits impulses from CNS to muscles and glands 1. somatic nervous system- regulates conscious controlled activities 2. autonomic nervous system- regulates activities that are automatic or involuntary ~Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
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Muscles Nerves act on muscles to move the body and control bodily functions Types of muscles Skeletal- Usually attached to bones; cause voluntary movement. Smooth-Found in hollow organs; causes involuntary movement Cardiac: Found only in the heart; causes the heart to beat.
Slide 22-

Smooth Muscle Tissue Not under voluntary control Found in stomach, intestines, blood vessels, etc. Also, your diaphragm-the muscles which causes your lungs to expand and contract.
Slide 23-

Skeletal Muscles Skeletal muscles are called striated, because they are collections of muscle fibers, or cells. Skeletal muscle cells are very large and complex From 1mm to 30 cm long! Have many nuclei
Slide 24-

How do Skeletal Muscles Work? Muscles do their work when the contract—that’s why each muscle in your body has two sets, one to contract your arm or leg in one direction, and another muscle to contract and move it back. But, in order for the muscle to contract, special steps have to happen inside each cell.
Slide 25-

Inside a Muscle Cell Inside a muscle cell, there filaments, thin and thick made of protein. The thin filament is called actin. The thick filament is called myosin. Myosin grips the actin and pulls it when the muscle contracts
Slide 26-

Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle is heart muscle Striated but involuntary Always working All heart muscle cells have to contract at once, so a small patch on the heart tells the cardiac muscles to contract
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Skeletal System Muscles can’t cause movement without something to PULL on Functions of the Skeletal System Supports the body Protects internal organs Provides for movement Stores mineral reserves Provides site for blood cell formation
Slide 28-

Bones Bones are protein fibers and calcium deposits. 206 bones in an adult, 215 in an infant Bone cells are called osteocytes Compact bone is solid Spongy bone is like a network of girders, strong but light
Slide 29-

Bone Marrow Bone marrow- found within cavities of bones 2 types: yellow  primarily fat cells red  produces RBC’s, some WBC’s and platelets
Slide 30-

Joints Joints are where bones connect with each other Many types of joints Three types of connective tissue Ligaments-Connect bone to bone Tendons-Connect muscle to bone Bursa-Small sacs that act as shock absorbers
Slide 31-

Disorders Osteoporosis-Weakening of bones due to calcium loss Arthritis-Inflammation of the joints, usually due to the body’s own immune system
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