Download Free Medical Heredity and Genetics PowerPoint Presentation

Heredity and Genetics PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Genetics, which is titled "Heredity and Genetics", to know about heredity and genetics.

Tags : Genetics, Heredity, Genetics

Published on : Jul 12, 2021 | Views : 2506 | Downloads : 7

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Heredity and Genetics “Why We Look the Way We Do”
Slide 2-

What is Heredity? Heredity = the passing on of traits from one generation to the next.
Slide 3-

What is a Trait? A trait is a specific characteristic that is unique. Traits affect the way we look Traits affect how our bodies function Traits are inherited Examples are hair color, eye color, handedness, etc.
Slide 4-

How Do We Keep Track of Traits? We use a pedigree chart to keep track of how traits are passed on from generation to generation.
Slide 5-

What is a Pedigree? A pedigree is a diagram that shows the history of a trait as it is passed from one generation to the next. Pedigrees indicate patterns Pedigrees identify carriers of genetic disorders Pedigrees are useful for genetic counseling Example: a pedigree is like a family tree for one trait.
Slide 6-

Rules For Making A Pedigree Females are represented by circles Males are represented by squares Mother/Father couples are connected by a line Offspring are shown oldest on the left to youngest on the right Half-shaded circle represents a female carrier for the trait Half-shaded square represents a male carrier for the trait Full-shaded circle represents a female with the trait Full-shaded square represents a male with the trait
Slide 7-

ppt slide no 7 content not found
Slide 8-

A Pedigree
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

ppt slide no 10 content not found
Slide 11-

What is Mendelian Genetics? Gregor Mendel was an Augustinian monk who lived in the late 19th century and, through studying peas, developed the basis for the science of Genetics still used today.
Slide 12-

ppt slide no 12 content not found
Slide 13-

ppt slide no 13 content not found
Slide 14-

What Kinds of Traits Are There? Traits are either Dominant or Recessive.
Slide 15-

Dominant Trait A dominant trait is a trait that is always expressed, or shown. Examples are brown hair, brown eyes, right handed
Slide 16-

Recessive Trait A recessive trait is a trait that is covered up or seems to disappear. Examples are blonde hair, blue eyes, left handed
Slide 17-

ppt slide no 17 content not found
Slide 18-

Where Do Traits Come From? Factors that make up an individual come from both parents. The trait information is passed on from generation to generation in the form of genes.
Slide 19-

What are Genes? A gene is a specific location on a chromosome that controls a certain trait.
Slide 20-

Where Do Genes Come From? An individual needs 2 genes for each trait – one gene from each parent. This gene pair is called an allele. One gene comes from the sperm cell (from the Father) One gene comes from the egg cell (from the Mother)
Slide 21-

How Do Genes Get Their Information? A chromosome is a structure in the cell that contains the genetic information. This information is passed on from one generation to the next generation.
Slide 22-

ppt slide no 22 content not found
Slide 23-

Gene Representation How Do We Write Our Genetics? The name of the dominant trait determines what letter is used to represent the gene. Use a capital of the first letter of the dominant trait to represent the dominant gene. Use a small version of the first letter of the dominant trait for the recessive gene. Example: Right-handedness is the dominant trait so use R for the dominant gene and use r for the recessive gene for Left-handedness. Example 2: Tall is the dominant trait so we use T and we use t for the recessive gene for Short.
Slide 24-

How Are Genes Expressed? Traits are how our genes show and since traits are formed from two genes, they are described by the combination of genes that make the pair. Traits are described as either: homogeneous, (pure) heterogeneous, (mixed)
Slide 25-

Homozygous = Pure (Homogeneous) Pure Dominant: the individual only has genes for the dominant trait. Example: TT = a pure tall individual has only tall (T) genes. Pure Recessive: the individual only has genes for the recessive trait. Example: tt = a pure short individual has only short (t) genes.
Slide 26-

Heterozygous = Mixed (Heterogeneous) A heterozygous individual has one dominant gene and one recessive gene for a trait. The result is the dominant gene is the one expressed, or shown. Example: Tt = a heterozygote tall individual has both tall (T) and short (t) genes but looks tall.
Slide 27-

How Do We Predict Offspring? A Punnett Square is a way to show the possible combinations of genes that offspring of parents could have.
Slide 28-

Punnett Square
Slide 29-

ppt slide no 29 content not found
Slide 30-

ppt slide no 30 content not found
Slide 31-

ppt slide no 31 content not found
Slide 32-

What is Phenotype? Phenotype is the way that we look or appear. Example: brown eyes, blonde hair, tall
Slide 33-

ppt slide no 33 content not found
Slide 34-

What is Genotype? Genotype: is the genetic make up for a trait. Example: Homozygous brown; BB = pure brown: (both genes are the same)
Slide 35-

ppt slide no 35 content not found
Slide 36-

ppt slide no 36 content not found
Slide 37-

ppt slide no 37 content not found
Slide 38-

Results: Phenotypes: 100% Right handed 75% Tall 25% Short Genotypes: 50% RR, homozygous right 25% TT, homozygous tall 50% Rr, heterozygous right 50% Tt, heterozygous tall 0% rr, homozygous left 25% tt, homozygous short
Slide 39-

Results: Phenotypes: 100% Blue-eyed 100% Right-handed Genotypes: 100% bb, homozygous blue 100% Rr, heterozygous right-handed
Slide 40-

What Is Incomplete Dominance? Incomplete dominance is when neither gene that determines a trait dominates, so the recessive trait is not fully hidden. The result is a “mixed” genetic trait that is neither dominant nor recessive. Example: Red (RR) x White (WW) flowers yield Pink (RW)
Slide 41-

How Do Genes Control Traits? Deoxyriboneucleic Acid DNA is the “instruction code” that the genes use to form traits. DNA is long threads of material found in all cells. DNA contains the “master code” that instructs all cells in their daily jobs. Genes are short pieces of DNA that make up our chromosomes. Each piece of DNA that is related to a gene makes up one trait.
Slide 42-

Structure of DNA DNA looks like a twisted “ladder” made of chemical compounds called bases.
Slide 43-

Models of DNA
Slide 44-

How Bases Make Up DNA There are 4 types of bases in DNA: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine. These bases fit together like puzzle pieces Adenine with Thymine Cytosine with Guanine
Slide 45-

But What ARE Genes? Genes are pieces of DNA that make up a trait Different genes consist of different arrangements of the Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine bases. These bases can be arranged to form different proteins (chemical messages) These messages control different traits (some determine how we look, some determine how we feel and function). There are many millions of possible combinations of these 4 bases – this accounts for the differences, and similarities, between life forms on earth.
Slide 46-

Traits from Proteins All characteristics are affected by the DNA in the cells of the individual organism. These characteristics are called traits. Traits depend on the types of proteins that the 4 bases (A,C,G,T) make up.
Slide 47-

How Do We Look The Way We Do? Parents pass on copies of their DNA to their offspring. The DNA from each parent combines to form the DNA of the offspring. How the offspring develops depends on the instructions coded in the DNA donated by both parents. Offspring are similar to parents, but different due to the many possible combinations of the 4 bases. Every individual is unique.
Slide 48-

How Can We Use Genetics? To predict looks of offspring To predict risks of diseases/defects …
Slide 49-

Genetics Help Predict Diseases Sickle-cell Anemia is a genetically inherited disease where red blood cells are misshaped. Red blood cell shape is an inherited trait. Sickle-cell shape vs Normal cell shape Sickle-cell anemia is cause by incomplete dominance.
Slide 50-

Advances in Genetics We have an increased understanding of certain diseases that are inherited. We have increased knowledge of many health conditions (treatment, prevention, and cure). Example: Down Syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome.
Slide 51-

ppt slide no 51 content not found
Slide 52-

ppt slide no 52 content not found
Slide 53-

ppt slide no 53 content not found
Slide 54-

ppt slide no 54 content not found
Slide 55-

ppt slide no 55 content not found