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Genetics and Heredity PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical titled "GENETICS & HEREDITY”.

This medical is about genetics, the scientific study of heredity. Genetics involves the study of genes, genetic variation, and the way traits are passed down from one generation to the next. It explores how genetic information is encoded, transmitted, and expressed in living organisms, including humans, animals, and plants.

Heredity is the transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring. Genetic information is stored in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), a molecule that carries the instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. Inherited traits can be determined by single genes, multiple genes, or a combination of genes and the environment.

Genetic variation refers to differences in DNA sequence among individuals, which can influence the expression of traits and susceptibility to diseases. Genetic variation arises from different sources, such as mutations, recombination, and gene flow.

Genetic disorders are conditions that result from changes or mutations in the DNA sequence, which can affect the structure or function of proteins, enzymes, or other molecules essential for normal cell and organ function. Some genetic disorders are inherited, while others can occur spontaneously or as a result of environmental factors.

The study of genetics has practical applications in many areas of science, including medicine, agriculture, forensics, and biotechnology. It also raises ethical and social issues, such as genetic testing, gene therapy, and genetic discrimination.

Tags : genetics, heredity, genes, genetic variation, genetic information, DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics

Published on : Jun 01, 2023 | Views : 1120 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

GENETICS & HEREDITY
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GENETICS - The study of the way animals & plants pass on to their offspring such as: eye color, hair color, height, body build, blood types, intelligence, gender, etc. HEREDITY - Characteristics that a child receives from both parents
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CELL: Basic unit of all living matter (Adult = over 10 trillion cells) NUCLEUS: Central point of cell / contains genetic coding for maintaining life systems and issuing commands for growth & reproduction CYTOPLASM: Substance of a cell outside of the nucleus CHROMOSOMES: 46 in each Nucleus (23 pairs) GENES: bands on chromosomes (thousands of genes) DNA on genes (billions of DNA)
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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? How many chromosomes are there in each cell? 46 CHROMOSOMES or 23 PAIRS How many chromosomes are in Reproductive (egg & sperm) or Germ cells? 23 CHROMOSOMES (combined = the 46 chromosomes)
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CELL DIVISION MITOSIS: Cell divides by copying the DNA - cell splits - new cell with normal number of chromosomes (Cell growth & repair) MEIOSIS: Creates 1/2 sets of chromosomes Women = 23 Men = 23 Combined = 46
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Female Sex Cells XX (Ovum or Egg) Male Sex Cells XY (Sperm) Baby Girl = XX Baby Boy = XY Conception is the union of an OVUM and the SPERM Gender is determined by the father! Someone should have told King Henry VIII!
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DOMINATE Gene: More powerful - trait seen in person RECESSIVE Gene: Weaker and hides in the background. Trait can only determine when two of them are present - may show up in future generations. CARRIER: Has a recessive gene that is not visible SEX-LINKED: Mother passes the recessive X to son Color-blind male receives the trait from his mother. The mother is usually not color-blind herself. B = BROWN eyes (dominate) b = BLUE eyes (recessive) BB = BROWN eyes bb = BLUE eyes Bb = BROWN eyes but carry the recessive BLUE eye gene
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MULTIPLE BIRTHS ZYGOT: the cell that is formed when a sperm fertilized an egg (ovum) MONOZYGOT: Identical Twins 1 Egg + 1 Sperm Fertilized ovum splits into 2 identical cells - Always the same gender DIZYGOT: Fraternal Twins 2 Eggs + different Sperm Will look different - May be different or the same gender MULTIPLE BIRTHS: More than 2 May be identical, fraternal or both - May be different or the same gender CONJOINED (Siamese) TWINS: Ovum splits apart, but the separation is not completed. Babies are joined at some part of their bodies.
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What 4 FACTORS may contribute to Multiple Births? 1) History in the family 2) Increased hormones naturally More than 1 egg released 3) Fertility Drugs More than 1 egg released 4) Age 32-36 Likelihood of multiple pregnancies in the United States Twins: Blacks- 1 in 73 Whites 1 in 93 Triplets: 1 in 10,000 Quadruples: 1 in 620,000
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Sex - Linked or X - Linked Defect: When an X-gene from the mother is faulty. There is a 50/50 chance of the child inheriting the disorder. Syndrome: When a group of signs and symptoms occur together and characterize a particular problem. Congenital Malformation: A condition that is present at birth. Multi-factorial Defects: Interaction of genes with other genes OR with environmental factors. Chromosomal Error: The fertilized egg cell that contains chromosomes in an abnormal number, structure or arrangement.