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Epigenetics PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Epigenetics".
This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about Epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and aging. Epigenetic modifications can occur at different levels, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation.
Epigenetic changes can play important roles in many biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, and disease. For example, alterations in DNA methylation patterns have been linked to cancer, while changes in histone modification have been linked to neurological disorders. Epigenetics has also been implicated in complex traits and behaviors, such as aging, addiction, and mental health.
Studying epigenetics can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of gene regulation and the development of diseases. It also has potential implications for personalized medicine, as epigenetic modifications can serve as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment.

Tags : Epigenetics, DNA sequence, DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA regulation, Genetics, Genetics PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Mar 27, 2023 | Views : 1944 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Epigenetics
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‘Epi’ – ‘genetics’ ‘Epi’: On top of Definition:The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
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DNA How many cell types are in the human body? 50 Trillion cells, 200 different types But all have the SAME DNA.
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DNA structure within the nucleus There is about 2 m of DNA in every nucleus in every cell in your body. To fit in the nucleus it must be tightly wound and compacted. The DNA wraps around a group of proteins called a nucleosomes, made up of 8 histone proteins. Histone proteins have ‘tails’ that can be chemically modified in a few different ways, such as methylation and acetylation. DNA can also be methylated directly on the cytosine base. All of these modifications are considered epigenetics!
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Epigenetic tags can act like a traffic light system, genes can be on, poised or off. Each chromosome a separate book of instructions Imagine your Genome is a library in the nucleus Regulating the gene expression Epigenetic marks are similar to bookmarks that tell the cell what genes to express or silence. Epigenetic mark: Methylation On Off Gene
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The central dogma DNA methylation, of its cytosine base, controls how compacted the DNA is, and therefore how accessible to transcription machinery the DNA is. DNA methylation keeps higher order regulation of which genes can be expressed or silenced. It is also is used to determine which genes will be inherited from the mother and which from the farther. This is a process called X-inactivation.
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Epigenetic landscape: Waddington Landscape Stem cell Fully differentiated cell Progenitor cell Differentiation Cells differentiate along a pathway and cannot easily go back or change to another pathway. The hills along this pathway that prevent this differentiation change are heavily influenced by epigenetics.
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Factors that can cause changes in epigenetics Diet, exercise, pollution, sun exposure, smoking/toxins and age are the main factors effecting epigenetics Names some factors you think may have an affect on your epigenetics
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Heritable & imprinting Early development most epigenetics are de-methylated/ removedbut some specific ones are kept – this is called imprinting. Epigenetic ‘silencing’ ensures a gene is turned off. This is extremely important in female mammals to stop them from having twice as many X-chromosome gene products as males. Diet affecting epigenetics example: Agouti mice – studied the imprinting of genes for hair colour and obesity. Both of these mice are from the same mother but are fed different diets. When put on the same diet the appearance of the mouse on the left will change to that of the mouse on the right.
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Age effecting epigenetics: Identical twins Epigenetics are very similar, almost identical in identical twins But as people get older the factors they are exposed to are different
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Age Causing changes to their Epigenetics. These changes lead to physical differences that can be more easily studied using identical twins.
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The study of epigenetics Epigenetics has a major influence over diseases such as cancer. Therefore we need to study epigenetics to understand what is changing and how, to improve healthy ageing. This information can then be used to create therapies and even help early detection of disease. Why don’t you help out the scientists by joining our team at The Babraham Institute, in the lab and helping us discover more about epigenetics? (INSERT ESCAPE ROOM LINK)
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Further discussion: Disease and epigenetics:The first disease to be linked to epigenetics was cancer in 1983. Another linked disease is Fragile X syndrome which affects 1 in 4,000 males and 1 in 8,000 females. Why do you think males are more affected than females in this disease? Epigenetics in treatments:Therapies for epigenetics are preferable as they do not require changing the DNA. Chemicals can be used to naturally silence genes by methylating them or preventing/removing methylation.Caution should be used when using epigenetic therapies. Why do you think this is?