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Complementary and Alternative Medicine PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Complementary & Alternative Medicine".

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), a broad range of medical practices and products that are not considered part of conventional Western medicine. CAM approaches may include the use of natural products, such as herbal remedies, dietary supplements, and acupuncture, as well as mind-body practices like yoga, meditation, and massage.

The term "complementary" refers to practices that are used alongside conventional medical treatments, while "alternative" refers to practices used in place of conventional treatments. CAM approaches are often used to address a variety of health issues, from chronic pain and stress to anxiety and depression.

While some CAM approaches have been shown to be effective in clinical studies, many have not been rigorously tested and may have little scientific evidence to support their use. It is important to note that some CAM products and practices can interact with prescription medications, and individuals should always consult with a healthcare provider before trying any new treatment.

Overall, the use of CAM approaches should be viewed as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, conventional medical care. It is always important to discuss any CAM practices with a healthcare provider and to make informed decisions about the best course of treatment for your individual needs.

Tags : Complementary Medicine, Alternative Medicine, herbal remedies, dietary supplements, acupuncture, mind-body practices, yoga, meditation, massage

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1905 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

Exploring the World through Complementary & Alternative Medicine
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Objectives Describe complementary and alternative medicine (CAM); explain why it is growing in popularity and who is most likely to use it. Describe major types of CAM providers and common treatments they offer. Discuss various types of CAM being used in America today. Explain how to evaluate testimonials and claims related to CAM products and services. Discuss challenges and opportunities related to CAM. Alternative Medicine Examples: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/complementary_and_alternative_medicine/types_of_complementary_and_alternative_medicine_85,P00189/
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IMAGINE… “Imagine a world - oriented toward healing rather than disease, where physicians believed in the natural healing capacity of human beings, and emphasized prevention above treatment. In such a world, doctors and patients would be partners working toward the same ends.”
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) “Complementary and Alternative Medicine is a Group of Diverse Medical and Health Care Systems, Practices, and Products That are Not Presently Considered Part of Conventional Medicine” BROKEN DOWN: Complementary medicine – therapies used together with conventional medicine Alternative medicine – used in place of conventional medicine Conventional medicine is practiced by holders of M.D. or D.O. degrees and by allied health professionals
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Complementary & Alternative Medicine FAQs Increasingly used to replace or supplement traditional medical treatment Holistic approach: belief that the effect on one part effects the whole person Based on belief that the person has a life force or energy that can be used in the healing process May vary by cultural values or beliefs
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Historical Perspectives 25% of all pharmaceutical drugs are derived from herbs The emergence of CAM in the U.S.: Prior to 1990 little was known about who was using CAM 1993 – study showed that 1 in 3 Americans sought some form of alternative care 1997 – another follow up study revealed that 47% of Americans were using some form of CAM
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Major Domains of CAM
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Government Trends Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act a set of laws passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. DSHEA 1994 – The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 was enacted by Congress following public debate concerning the importance of dietary supplements in promoting health, the need for consumers to have access to current and accurate information about supplements, and controversy over the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) regulatory approach to this product category. The DSHEA amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 (FDCA) to alter the way dietary supplements are regulated and labeled. New FDA Regulations As required by law, the Food and Drug Administration publishes regulations in the Federal Register, the federal government's official publication for notifying the public of many kinds of agency actions. Federal regulations are either required or authorized by statute. Some, such as FDA’s egg safety regulations, address a specific problem or known health hazard, while others, like citizen petition regulations, are administrative or procedural. The rulemaking procedures that we follow come from U.S. law, Executive Orders (EO’s) and memoranda issued by the President, and FDA’s own regulations. Identity, Purity, Strength, and Free from Harmful Contaminants
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Who Uses CAM? 2004 survey results: More women than men Higher education levels Hospitalized in the past year Former smokers Back, neck, head, or joint pain suffers Gastrointestinal disorders or sleeping problems
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Reasons for CAM use Patients have become more interested and informed about CAM because of: the increased availability of information on the Internet. increased contact with other cultures that traditionally use CAM. renewed interest in formerly countercultural ideologies, such as environmentalism. the perception that CAM is easier to understand, safer, and less expensive than conventional medications. distrust of and frustration with the health care system. a growing recognition that many factors contribute to health and well-being.
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Why Use Complementary & Alternative Medicine? Dissatisfaction or lack of trust with health care providers (doctors) and medical outcomes Side effects of other drugs and treatments High health costs frustration w/ Govt approach OR health care reform Technology Lack of control in their own health care practices Time spent with practitioner Looking for “cures” Want to use “natural” products Patient feels empowered Focus on spirituality and emotional well-being Health Care Provider provides the 3 T’s: touch, talk, time
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Well, are they going to help me or not? Flaws in Medicine Medication errors are among the most common medical errors, harming at least 1.5 million people every year, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. The extra medical costs of treating drug-related injuries occurring in hospitals alone conservatively amount to $3.5 billion a year, and this estimate does not take into account lost wages and productivity or additional health care costs, the report says. - IOM July 2006
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Communication? Is this what the Doctor ordered? Between 40 and 70% of CAM users do not disclose their use to their physician. WHY? 60% - “My doctor never asked.” 60% - “It wasn’t important for my doctor to know.” 20% - “My doctor wouldn’t understand.” 14% - “My doctor would disapprove.” On the other hand, 70% of patients see their Physician before or concurrent with their visits to a CAM provider
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Evidence-Based Medicine Difficulties With CAM Research Sham Acupuncture Non Standardized Herbal Formulations Difficult to Blind Patients and Practitioners Treatments Very Individualized – Difficult to Formulate Protocols
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Licensing Issues
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Table 23.1 Popular Complementary Treatments Table 23.1
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Alternative Medical System Options Traditional alternative medicine. sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness. Examples: acupuncture, ayurveda, homeopathy, naturopathy, & chinese/oriental medicine Acupuncture (Traditional Chinese vs. Western Medicine) involves the insertion of extremely thin needles through your skin at strategic points on your body. this stimulation boosts your body's natural painkillers and increases blood flow. (More Information explained in Chinese/Oriental Medicine)
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Ayurveda began about 5,000 - 6,000 years ago when Indian monks were looking for new ways to be healthy. Revering their bodies like temples, the monks believed that preserving their health would help them meditate and develop spiritually. In this method: every individual is unique and there is no diet or lifestyle routine that works for everyone. Prevention is key & the focus is on providing specific advice and guidance on how to maintain physical and emotional health. Food and lifestyle routines are considered the most important medicine. Ayurvedic doctors provide recipes than prescriptions for pills. based on the principles of three doshas. Doshas are the energies that make up every individual, which perform different physiological functions in the body:
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Homeopathy a system of medicine founded in the early 19th century by a German physician, Dr. Samuel Christian Hahnemann (1775-1843). Classical homeopathy rests on three principles: The law of similars states that a disease is cured by a medicine that creates symptoms similar to those the patient is experiencing. Hence, an important part of the prescription of a homeopathic medicine is a lengthy interview to determine all the symptoms. The homeopathic physician then prescribes the medicine that best matches the symptoms. The principle of the single remedy states that a single medicine should cover all the symptoms the patient is experiencing: mental, emotional and physical. The principle of the minimum dose has two parts. First, the homeopathic physician prescribes only a small number of doses of the homeopathic medicine and waits to see what effect the medicine has. Second, the medicine is given in an infinitesimal (extremely small) dose.
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Naturopathy a system of medicine based on the healing power of nature. naturopathic medical doctors (N.M.D.s) strive to find the cause of disease by understanding the body, mind, and spirit of the person. Treatments: Nutritional counseling Herbal medicine Homeopathic medicine Acupuncture Hydrotherapy (water therapy) -- These therapies include drinking natural spring water, taking baths, alternating hot and cold applications, and water exercise, all of which are thought to stimulate healing and strengthen the immune system. Physical medicine -- This natural approach to healing involves using touch, hot and cold compresses, electric currents, and sound waves to manipulate the muscles, bones, and spine. Detoxification -- This therapy removes toxins from the body by fasting, using enemas, and drinking lots of water. Spirituality -- Personal spiritual development is encouraged as part of an overall health program. Lifestyle and psychological counseling -- An N.D. may use hypnosis, guided imagery, or other counseling methods as part of a treatment plan. Naturopaths consider patients to be participants in their health care, so you may be asked to make lifestyle changes, such as changing your sleeping, eating, and exercise habits.
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Chinese or Oriental Medicine a system of medicine that categorizes body patterns into specific types of diagnoses with corresponding treatment plans oldest codified system of medicine in the world (more than 2500 years) It restores health and balance by treating illness and disease through the Five Major Branches of Oriental Medicine Acupuncture Chinese herbal medicine & Oriental Nutrition Dietary therapy Tuina or Oriental Bodywork Tai Chi and Qi Gong Cupping Massage Meditation
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Chinese/Oriental Medicine Chinese or Oriental Medicine Acupuncture Used to treat pain involves the insertion of extremely thin needles through your skin at strategic points on your body. a technique for balancing the flow of energy or life force — known as qi or chi (CHEE) — believed to flow through pathways (meridians) in your body. By inserting needles into specific points along these meridians, acupuncture practitioners believe that your energy flow will re-balance.
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Traditional Alternative Medicine Chinese Herbal Medicine Herbs are prescribed to restore energy balance to the opposing forces of energy - Yin and Yang - that run through invisible channels in the body. proposes that everything including organs of the body - is composed of the five elements: fire, earth, metal, water and wood. The herbs are similarly classified into the five tastes - sweet, salty, bitter, pungent and sour - which correspond to the five elements, for example, since the skin is a metal element Yang organ, it would be treated with a pungent herb.
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Traditional Alternative Medicine herbal medicines are mainly plant based, but some preparations include minerals or animal products practitioner might advise you to make specific changes in your diet, such as avoiding spicy foods or alcohol. Herbs can act on the body as powerfully as pharmaceutical drugs and should be treated with the same caution and respect. Nutritionally, balanced meals, prepared according to recipes based on 5 Element Diet and Nutrition are nature’s pharmaceuticals. These medicinal recipes—many of which are similar to the delicious dishes you enjoy at your favorite Chinese restaurant—provide the chi and nutrients you need to improve and maintain your health.
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a form of Oriental bodywork that has been used in China for centuries. A combination of massage, acupressure and other forms of body manipulation, works by applying pressure to acupoints, meridians and groups of muscles or nerves to remove blockages that prevent the free flow of qi. Removing these blockages restores the balance of qi in the body, leading to improved health and vitality.
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an ancient Chinese tradition that, today, is practiced as a graceful form of exercise, involving a series of movements performed in a slow, focused manner and accompanied by deep breathing. Often described as meditation in motion, tai chi promotes serenity through gentle, flowing movements. Used to reduce stress
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Qi Gong Like Tai Chi but mainly used for healing; NOT exercise. ancient Chinese health care system that integrates physical postures, breathing techniques and focused intention.
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Cupping an ancient form of alternative medicine in which a local suction is created on the skin practitioners believe this mobilizes blood flow in order to promote healing. Suction is created using heat (fire) or mechanical devices (hand or electrical pumps).
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Massage the manual manipulation of soft body tissues (muscle, connective tissue, tendons, and ligaments) to enhance health and wellbeing OR… Swedish Massage
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Reflexology Based on the concept that the body is divided into 10 equal zones that run from head to toes Illness & disease of a body part causes deposits of calcium or acids in the corresponding part of the foot Therapy involves applying pressure on specific points on the foot so energy movement is directed toward the affected body part Promotes: healing, relaxation, improved circulation, treats asthma, sinus infections, kidney stones, constipation, etc.
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Meditation A simple practice of turning your attention to a single point of reference. can involve focusing on the breath, on bodily sensations, or on a word or phrase known as a mantra. In other words, meditation means turning your attention away from distracting thoughts and focusing on the present moment.
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Manipulative and Body-Based Methods Touch has been used in medicine since the early days of medical care. Healing by touch is based on the idea that illness or injury in one area of the body can affect all parts of the body. If, with manual manipulation, the other parts can be brought back to optimum health, the body can fully focus on healing at the site of injury or illness. Body techniques are often combined with those of the mind. Chiropractic medicine Massage (explained in the Chinese/Oriental Med section) Reflexology Osteopathic medicine Body movement therapies (explained in the Chinese/Oriental Med section) Tai chi (explained in the Chinese/Oriental Med section) Yoga Play Therapy
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a form of alternative medicine that focuses on diagnosis and treatment of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine, under the belief that these disorders affect general health via the nervous system. A Chiropractor is a health care professional understands how to correct alignment problems, ease pain, and support the body's natural ability to heal itself. They may also use other treatments including: Heat and ice Electrical stimulation Relaxation techniques Rehabilitative and general exercise Hydrotherapy Counseling about diet, weight loss, and other lifestyle factors Dietary supplements
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Hydrotherapy Uses water in any form, internal or external for healing External: Water Aerobics & Exercise Massage or Under water soaking Internal: Dieting by Drinking large amounts of water Cleansing or Stimulating the digestive tract
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Yoga based on breathing, exercising and meditating to facilitate the enhancement of physical and mental health. Used to relieve one from stress, and for peace of mind. The usual pattern of yoga includes different positions or postures on the floor, either sitting or standing. significance of yoga teachings are grouped into three parts: the physical aspect, mental aspect and spiritual aspect.
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Differences in Yoga and Tai Chi Yoga originated from India, while Tai Chi originated from China. 2. Yoga uses the arms to carry the weight of the body, while Tai Chi uses the legs to bear the weight of the body. 3. Yoga is a practice of the body and mind. Tai Chi is more a practice of the mind.
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Play Therapy Using objects and other methods to allow children/others to learn about situations, share experiences, & express emotions Important aspect of psychotherapy in children
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Diet & Herbs Over the centuries, man has gone from a simple diet consisting of meats, fruits, vegetables, and grains, to a diet that often consists of foods rich in fats, oils, and complex carbohydrates. Nutritional excess and deficiency have become problems in today's society, both leading to certain chronic diseases. Many dietary and herbal approaches attempt to balance the body's nutritional well-being. Dietary and herbal approaches may include: Dietary supplements Herbal medicine Nutrition/diet Macrobiotic Diet Phytochemicals
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Biologically Based Practices Nutritional Therapy Encourages the use of antioxidants to prevent/inhibit oxidation (chemical process in which a substance is joined to oxygen) & to neutralize free radicals (molecule that can damage the body by altering the genetic code) Can help prevent: Heart Disease Cataracts Some types of Cancer Examples: Vitamins A, C, E Selenium Herbal remedies: Ginkgo biloba St. John’s Wort Echinacea Green tea Ephedra Special supplements: Muscle enhancers Creatine Ginseng Glucosamine Chromium picolinate SAMe Antioxidants
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Food as Healing Agents Nutraceuticals – foods with combined nutritional and pharmaceutical benefit Some healthful foods: Plant stanol Oat fiber Sunflower Soy protein Red meats, dark green, leafy vegetables Garlic Green tea Ginger Yogurt
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Macrobiotic Diet a dietary regimen which encourages a balance of foods. involves eating grains as a staple food, supplemented with other foods such as local vegetables, and avoiding the use of highly processed or refined foods and most animal products. Based on the Taosist concept: Balance b/t yin and yang. Different foods represent yin & yang
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Phytochemicals chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants (phyto means "plant" in Greek). Nonnutritive plant chemicals Store nutrients & provide aroma & color in plants Some are responsible for color and other organoleptic properties, such as the deep purple of blueberries and the smell of garlic. Belief that the chemicals help prevent disease Found in many different fruits & veggies Necessary daily consumption.
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Phytochemicals (Everything the plants have that you want)
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Aromatherapy Therapeutic use of selected fragrances to alter mood & restore body, mind & spirit. May be diluted for massages or inhalation (candles) Used to: Relieve tense muscles Lower BP Cause stimulating or relaxing, or a soothing effect.
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Energy Medicine External energy. Some people believe external energies from objects or other sources directly affect a person's health. Examples: Electromagnetic therapy Reiki Therapeutic Touch Acupuncture Acupressure
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Electromagnetic Therapy gentle, low induction impulses which help to stimulate and rejuvenate the cells in the body. This can lead to improved health and well-being.
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Reiki & Therapeutic Touch a healing technique based on the principle that the therapist can channel energy into the patient by means of touch, to activate the natural healing processes of the patient's body and restore physical and emotional well-being.
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Other Forms of Energy Medicine Acupuncture thin needles inserted into the body at acupuncture points Acupressure physical pressure is applied to acupuncture points by the hand, elbow, or with various devices. There are literally hundreds of acupressure points on the body. Japanese form = Shaitsu
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Mind–Body Medicine Mind. Even standard or conventional medicine recognizes the power of the connection between mind and body. Studies have found that people heal better if they have good emotional and mental health. Therapies using the mind may include: Meditation (explained under Chinese/Oriental Med.) Biofeedback Hypnosis
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Biofeedback Relaxation Therapy to monitor patient stresses. involves training patients to control physiological processes such as muscle tension, blood pressure, or heart rate. Shows the effect of stress on the HR, RR, Muscle tension, Temp, BP, etc. These processes usually occur involuntarily, however, patients who receive help from a biofeedback therapist can learn how to completely manipulate them at will.
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Hypnosis the induction of a state of consciousness in which a person apparently loses the power of voluntary action and is highly responsive to suggestion or direction. Its use in therapy, typically to recover suppressed memories or to allow modification of behavior by suggestion, has been revived but is still controversial.
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Senses Some people believe the senses, touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste, can affect overall health. Examples of therapies incorporating the senses include: Art, dance, and music Creating art (through sculpting/drawing/etc; dance; & music), viewing it, and talking about it provides a way for people to cope with emotional conflicts, increase self-awareness, and express unspoken and often unconscious concerns about their illness. Visualization, Guided Imagery, & Positive Thought a mind-body or mental rehearsal Can simulate or re-create the sensory perception of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, movements, and images Goal is to create a positive method for coping with things.
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Other Therapeutic Options Pet Therapy Using pets (a person’s dog/cat, etc) to enhance health & stimulate an interest in life Helps individuals overcome physical limitations, decrease depressed, increase self-esteem, socialize, & lower stress
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Ionization Therapy Negative air ionization therapy is the use of air ionisers as an experimental non-pharmaceutical treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and mild depression. In today's environment we are exposed to an overwhelming volume of toxic materials through our air, water and food supply. These chemicals build up in our bodies and have a negative effect on our emotions, digestion and virtually every bodily function. Ionic detoxifying foot bath is widely used to increase energy, vitality, and stamina, while purging the body of toxins, chemicals, radiation, pollution, and other foreign material trapped in the skin layers clogging the body's systems of elimination.
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So, how do we BEST focus on the problem? Requires a paradigm shift from: the disease-centered approach of conventional biomedicine to an approach in which patient values and participation of patients are central.
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Shifting to INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE overall Integrative Medicine is healing-oriented medicine that takes account of the whole person (body, mind, and spirit), including all aspects of lifestyle. It emphasizes the therapeutic relationship and makes use of all appropriate therapies, both conventional and alternative. THE FUTURE of Integrative Medicine Nutrition Exercise Lycopene Glucosamine Peppermint Oil Fish Oil Soy
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Protecting Consumers and Regulating Claims Many CAM products are not regulated in the U.S. as strictly as food or drugs Strategies to protect consumer’s health: Talk to your physician Use science for more answers about CAM
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Figure 23.3 Assessing the Risks and Benefits of CAM Treatments Figure 23.3
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Healthy Living in the New Millennium Enlisting support from insurers and providers: More and more insurers are covering alternative medicine Extra-cost riders may be added to some policies to cover alternative medicine Increasing support from American Medical Association
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Self-Care: Protecting Yourself Be an informed consumer Consult with health care provider If using CAM, inform your primary health care provider Choose CAM practitioners carefully Consult only reliable sources Natural does not always mean safe Herbal supplements are not closely monitored by FDA Herbal supplement dosage levels are not regulated