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EMS Safety CPR-AED Training PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Emergency Medical Services (EMS), which is titled "EMS Safety CPR/AED Training", to know about Emergency Response for the Home, Community and Workplace.

Tags : Emergency Medical Services, EMS, EMS Safety, CPR, AED Training

Published on : Aug 06, 2021 | Views : 2891 | Downloads : 22

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Slide 1-

EMS Safety CPR/AED Training Emergency Response for the Home, Community and Workplace © 2012 EMS Safety Version B
Slide 2-

Introduction 2 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers
Slide 3-

What we will learn today Quickly recognize an emergency CPR on an adult victim CPR on a child and infant victim* AED use* Emergency response Heart Attack Stroke Choking *Optional Topic 3 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Intro
Slide 4-

Certification Requirements Sign in on roster Participate in all course activities Pass written exam with 80% or more Pass skills exams Just FYI… Cards are valid for 2 years Let me know privately if concerns about physical requirements or any latex allergies Participation certificates are available 4 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Intro
Slide 5-

State & Local Requirements Guidelines are consistent with other nationally-recognized training organizations Follow state, local or workplace guidelines if they differ from this course Ask state or local Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Authority about AED use on infants Asthma inhalers Epinephrine auto-injectors Use of aspirin for heart attack signs and symptoms 5 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Intro
Slide 6-

Chain of Survival 6 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers
Slide 7-

Key Concepts Leading cause of death in U.S. is Heart Disease Heart disease leads to Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) Heart suddenly stops beating Person is unresponsive Breathing stops Brain damage in 4 – 6 min w/o CPR The Chain of Survival is a series of actions that gives SCA victims the best chance of survival 7 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Chain of Survival
Slide 8-

5 Steps to SCA Survival What are the best actions to take immediately after Sudden Cardiac Arrest? 5 Steps to Survival Activate EMS (Call 9-1-1) Early CPR Early Defibrillation Early Advanced Care Post-Arrest Care 8 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Chain of Survival
Slide 9-

Activate EMS (Call 9-1-1) Use cell phone or land line Activate EMS (Call 9-1-1) Recognize cardiac arrest Not responding Chest not moving, no breathing Don’t delay: early 9-1-1 linked to increased SCA survival Send bystander if possible If unsure, go call! 9 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Chain of Survival
Slide 10-

Early CPR Start compressions! Early CPR Start with Chest Compressions Compressions restore flow of oxygen to brain Good chest compressions linked to increased survival Push hard and fast! 10 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Chain of Survival
Slide 11-

Early Defibrillation Early Defibrillation Defibrillators can restart the heart of an SCA victim Calling 9-1-1 gets a defibrillator to the scene An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is used by citizen rescuers Some public places like airports have AEDs accessible to all rescuers 11 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Chain of Survival Use AED when it arrives
Slide 12-

Advanced & Post-Arrest Care Advanced Care AKA: Advanced Life Support Provided by paramedics, continued at hospital Adds advanced airway management, drug therapy, cardiac monitoring to CPR Goal: restart heart and stabilize for post-arrest care Post-Arrest Care Comprehensive care once person is stabilized Begins at hospital and continues through discharge Provided by doctors, nurses, therapists and many others Goal: Improve chances of continued survival with least disability 12 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Chain of Survival
Slide 13-

Discussion Why is activating EMS the first link in the chain of survival? Are AEDs located in your community or workplace? Where? Why does the bystander have the biggest impact on survival of SCA? 13 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Chain of Survival
Slide 14-

CPR Overview 14 CPR/AED for Community Rescuers
Slide 15-

Key Concepts CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Overview 15 Cardiac Arrest = No heartbeat No oxygen to brain or vital organs CPR can: Keep brain alive Oxygenate vital organs Extend the time for successful defibrillation
Slide 16-

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Heart is squeezed between sternum and backbone CPR Combines external chest compressions and rescue breathing Breaths fill lungs Compressions move oxygen by pumping blood Keeps brain alive Chest compressions are most important part CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Overview 16
Slide 17-

What is an AED Automated External Defibrillator (AED) What it does… Uses voice and visual prompts Easily guides rescuers Analyzes heart rhythm Determines if shock is needed Restores normal rhythm Provides CPR reminders CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Overview 17
Slide 18-

Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib) V-fib to Shock to Normal V-fib is common in SCA Heart overwhelmed by electrical activity Can be related to lack of oxygen Quickly lethal Victim unresponsive CPR won’t stop V-fib “Defib” is only treatment for “V-fib” CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Overview 18 V-fib present in 90% of SCA cases
Slide 19-

How an AED Works AED detects V-fib Sends powerful current through heart Shock resets heart’s electrical activity Heart may start beating normally Like a ‘control-alt-delete’ for the heart CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Overview 19 Power on & attach pads
Slide 20-

Sum it Up CPR restores flow of oxygen to the brain CPR can extend time for successful AED use The sooner an AED is used, the more likely it will work CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Overview 20
Slide 21-

C-A-B The C-A-B sequence applies to victims of all ages. Learn the adult sequence first… CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 21
Slide 22-

Key Concepts C-A-B stands for: Compression Airway Breathing Best sequence of rescuer actions for CPR In first few minutes victim’s body still has oxygen-rich blood Starting with chest compressions circulates oxygen, eliminating need to start with rescue breaths The C-A-B sequence is used for unresponsive victims of all ages CPR/AED for Community Rescuers C-A-B 22
Slide 23-

Establish Response, Check Breathing Hey! Are you okay? Tap and shout If no response Go call 9-1-1 Get an AED if available Send bystander if present Scan the chest for breathing, 5-10 seconds If no breathing or only gasping: START COMPRESSIONS CPR/AED for Community Rescuers C-A-B 23
Slide 24-

C: Compressions Push Hard & Fast! Provide 30 Compressions Use a firm, flat surface Center of the chest, between nipples Push hard: At least 2” Push fast: At least 100 compressions per minute Ensure full recoil: Chest expands between each compression Minimize interruptions CPR/AED for Community Rescuers C-A-B 24
Slide 25-

A: Airway Prepare for rescue breaths Quickly Open Airway Position head using the head tilt/chin lift Place 1 hand on forehead Place 2 or 3 fingers of your other hand near the chin Tilt the head back while lifting the jaw upward CPR/AED for Community Rescuers C-A-B 25
Slide 26-

B: Breathing Give breaths carefully… 2 Rescue Breaths About 1 second per breath Maintain head tilt/chin lift Pinch nose Seal the victim’s mouth with yours or use barrier Breathe into the mouth for about 1 second Watch for chest rise Lift mouth off Repeat for 2nd breath CPR/AED for Community Rescuers C-A-B 26 Too much air causes vomiting
Slide 27-

Repeat the C-A-B Sequence Take < 10 seconds to give 2 breaths Quickly resume chest compressions after giving rescue breaths Continue repeating the sequence of 30 compressions, open airway, give 2 breaths CPR is performed in cycles 1 cycle is 30 compressions and 2 breaths (30:2) 5 cycles of CPR can be performed in about 2 minutes CPR/AED for Community Rescuers C-A-B 27
Slide 28-

When to Use the AED Use AED when it’s available If 2nd Rescuer Present Rescuer 1 continues CPR Rescuer 2 operates AED Switch roles when the AED prompts to stop CPR If no AED, switch performing CPR about every 2 minutes Observe CPR provider & give feedback Pushing hard/fast enough? CPR/AED for Community Rescuers C-A-B 28
Slide 29-

Recovery Position If breathing normally… Modified H.A.IN.E.S Recovery Position Use when Need to leave to get help Victim vomits CPR/AED for Community Rescuers C-A-B 29 Place victim on side
Slide 30-

Discussion Could I really do it? CPR/AED for Community Rescuers C-A-B 30
Slide 31-

Sum It Up Starting CPR with chest compressions circulates the oxygen still in the blood and gives the victim the best chance of survival Quality compressions matter Push hard and fast Minimize interruptions to compressions No more than 10 seconds to give breaths Allow the chest to fully recoil (expand) between each compression Take your weight off the victim’s chest CPR/AED for Community Rescuers C-A-B 31
Slide 32-

CPR Barriers CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 32
Slide 33-

Key Concepts The risk of catching a disease with rescue breaths is extremely low It is common to be uncomfortable with the thought of giving mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths CPR barriers can help prevent exposure to blood or body fluids Create a barrier between the victim and rescuer while allowing for the passage of air CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Barriers 33
Slide 34-

CPR Face Mask May require quick assembly Covers mouth and nose Prevents back flow of exhaled air or fluids Select the correct size: Base (wide end) does not extend past chin Top (narrow end) does not extend past bridge of the nose CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Barriers 34 Molded plastic mask
Slide 35-

Using a Face Mask Press mask onto face Lift the chin to open the airway Breathe into the mask Watch for chest rise with each breath CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Barriers 35
Slide 36-

CPR Face Shield Fits over the mouth Pinch the nose over or under the face shield Stored in keychain pouch with gloves Close to rescuer at all times CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Barriers 36 Small, flexible plastic with a filter or valve
Slide 37-

Using a CPR Face Shield Place over face with filter or valve over person’s mouth Open airway Pinch nose Breathe into the filter or valve Watch for chest rise with each breath CPR/AED for Community Rescuers CPR Barriers 37
Slide 38-

Using an AED Optional Segment, only required for AED certification… CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 38 Optional Topic
Slide 39-

Key Concepts AEDs can be used on adults, children and infants An AED has a status indicator to show if it is ready for use Follow local protocols for age-specific AED guidelines if they differ from this course Basic AED Sequence: Power on the AED Apply pads Follow AED prompts CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Using an AED 39
Slide 40-

Power the AED Place AED near head Power on AED AED guides actions CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Using an AED 40
Slide 41-

Apply AED Pads Expose chest Cut clothing Wipe dry Apply pads (follow pictures) Right upper chest, just below collarbone Lower left side of the chest If 2 rescuers Rescuer 1 continues CPR Rescuer 2 operates AED CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Using an AED 41
Slide 42-

Shock or No Shock? After pads are applied: AED prompts rescuer to stop CPR AED analyzes the heart’s electrical rhythm Do not touch or move the person AED will state ‘shock advised’ or ‘no shock advised’ If no shock advised, AED will prompt rescuer to resume chest compressions If shock advised, rescuer must clear victim first CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Using an AED 42
Slide 43-

Clear Victim and Shock Clear victim first Loudly state, “Clear!” Look up and down entire victim Ensure no one touching person or clothing Press shock button Some AEDs shock automatically (no button) AEDs announce when safe to resume compressions CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Using an AED 43 Do not touch victim or clothing during a shock
Slide 44-

Resume CPR Start with chest compressions AED will analyze heart rhythm every 2 minutes If 2nd rescuer present Switch roles when AED prompts to stop CPR One rescuer rests Other rescuer gets in position for CPR Rescuer 2 will continue to operate AED CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Using an AED 44 Immediately resume CPR
Slide 45-

AED Use on Children Children & infants require less electrical current Special equipment reduces amount of energy delivered Child/Infant Pads Energy reducer or attenuator Pediatric key or switch If pediatric equipment is not available, use standard equipment CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Using an AED 45 For AED use: A child is 1-8 years old, or less than 55 lbs. An infant is < 1 year old
Slide 46-

For Smaller Children or Infants CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Using an AED 46 Use front-to-back AED pad placement if needed Pads should not touch or overlap Do not cut or fold pads to fit
Slide 47-

Adult CPR In CPR, a victim is considered an adult when signs of puberty are present. Look for facial or underarm hair on a male or signs of breast development on a female. CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 47
Slide 48-

Key Concepts Always check the scene for safety first If the scene is safe, establish a response If unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping, provide CPR using the C-A-B sequence CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult CPR 48
Slide 49-

Starting CPR Survey scene, size-up potential hazards Tap the shoulder and shout, “Are you all right?” Call 9-1-1, get AED Send bystander Go yourself if alone Scan chest for breathing (5-10 seconds) Start compressions if no breathing, only gasping, unsure if breathing CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult CPR 49
Slide 50-

C: 30 Compressions Expose chest if needed Location: center of the chest, between nipples Use 2 hands: Heel of one hand on chest Heel of other hand on top Push hard: At least 2” down Push fast: At least 100 per minute Ensure full recoil Minimize interruptions CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult CPR 50 Use a firm, flat surface
Slide 51-

A: Open Airway Place 1 hand on the forehead Apply firm, backward pressure with your palm Tilt head back Place 2 or 3 fingers of other hand near chin Keep fingers on bony part of the jaw Tilt the head back, lift the chin forward CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult CPR 51
Slide 52-

B: Give 2 Breaths Maintain head tilt/chin lift Pinch the nose Breathe into mouth for about 1 second Watch for chest rise Repeat for the 2nd breath Do not over-ventilate CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult CPR 52
Slide 53-

Continue CPR If 2 rescuers, switch roles every 2 min (5 cycles) or when AED is analyzing Rest between roles as CPR provider Keep provider on pace (at least 100 comp/min) Instruct compressor to push harder (at least 2”) if too shallow Only Stop CPR if Victim begins to move EMS responders take over AED prompts you to stop CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult CPR 53 Cycles of 30:2
Slide 54-

Defibrillation Use when available Place near victim’s head Power on AED Follow prompts Apply pads Press shock button Resume compressions after shock CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult CPR 54
Slide 55-

Discussion What is the best way to activate EMS at home? At work? What do you do if the chest won’t rise with the 1st rescue breath? What is the most important part of CPR: compressions, airway management, or rescue breathing? CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult CPR 55
Slide 56-

Child CPR In CPR, a victim is considered a child from age 1 until puberty. CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 56
Slide 57-

Key Concepts Usually different cause of cardiac arrest for children and infants than for adults Adults: Heart disease, heart attack Children/infants: Respiratory arrest Common causes of respiratory arrest in children: Injury Poisoning Choking Drowning Asthma CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Child CPR 57
Slide 58-

Starting CPR Survey scene, size-up potential hazards Tap the shoulder and shout, “Are you all right?” Send bystander to call 9-1-1, get AED Stay with the child Scan the chest for breathing, 5-10 seconds Start compressions if no breathing, only gasping, if you’re unsure CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Child CPR 58 If alone, yell for help. Stay for 2 minutes of CPR before leaving to call 9-1-1
Slide 59-

C: 30 Compressions Expose chest if needed Location: Center of the chest, between nipples Use 1 or 2 hands Push hard: About 2” down Push fast: At least 100 per minute Ensure full recoil Minimize interruptions CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Child CPR 59 Use a firm, flat surface
Slide 60-

A: Open Airway Place 1 hand on the forehead Apply firm, backward pressure with your palm Tilt head back Place 2 or 3 fingers of other hand near chin Keep fingers on bony part of the jaw Tilt the head back, lift the chin forward CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Child CPR 60
Slide 61-

B: Give 2 Breaths Maintain head tilt/chin lift Pinch the nose Breathe into mouth for about 1 second Watch for chest rise Repeat for the 2nd breath Do not over-ventilate CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Child CPR 61
Slide 62-

Continue CPR If 2 rescuers, switch roles every 2 minutes (5 cycles) Rest between roles as CPR provider Keep provider on pace (at least 100/min) Instruct compressor to push harder if too shallow CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Child CPR 62 Cycles of 30:2
Slide 63-

Call 9-1-1 Return quickly Resume CPR until EMS takes over or the child begins to move Use an AED as soon as it is available CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Child CPR 63 If still alone after 2 minutes, go activate EMS and get an AED if one is close by
Slide 64-

Infant CPR In CPR, a victim is considered an infant up to1 year old. CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 64
Slide 65-

Key Concepts Common causes of respiratory arrest in infants: Choking Injury Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Respiratory illness CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant CPR 65
Slide 66-

Starting CPR Survey scene, size-up potential hazards Tap bottom of foot and shout Send bystander to call 9-1-1, get AED Scan the chest for breathing, 5-10 seconds Start compressions if no breathing, only gasping, or if you’re unsure CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant CPR 66 If alone, yell for help. Stay for 2 minutes of CPR before leaving to call 9-1-1
Slide 67-

C: 30 Compressions Expose chest if needed Location: Center of chest, just below nipple line Use 2 fingers Push hard: About 1½” down Push fast: At least 100 per minute Ensure full recoil Minimize interruptions CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant CPR 67 Use a firm, flat surface
Slide 68-

A: Open Airway Place 1 hand on the forehead Apply firm, backward pressure with your palm Tilt head back Place 2 or 3 fingers of other hand near chin Tilt the head back, lift the chin forward Maintain a neutral or slightly extended position CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant CPR 68 Do not tilt the head too far back. Overextending the airway can actually close it!
Slide 69-

B: Give 2 Breaths Maintain head tilt/chin lift Breathe into mouth and nose about 1 second Watch for chest rise Repeat for the 2nd breath Do not over-ventilate CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant CPR 69 Breathe into mouth and nose at the same time
Slide 70-

Continue CPR If 2 rescuers, switch roles every 2 minutes (5 cycles) Rest between roles as CPR provider Keep provider on pace (at least100/min) Instruct compressor to push harder if too shallow CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant CPR 70 Cycles of 30:2
Slide 71-

Call 9-1-1 Take the infant with you if you have to leave Resume CPR until EMS takes over or the infant begins to move Use an AED as soon as it is available CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant CPR 71 If still alone after 2 minutes, call 9-1-1
Slide 72-

Special considerations - CPR CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 72
Slide 73-

Key Concepts Certain situations may affect response to cardiac arrest Keep CPR going as long as possible In cold environments A hypothermic victim may have more time before brain damage occurs Do not assume it is too late to begin CPR Electrical shock may cause immediate respiratory or cardiac arrest Scene safety is most important Shut off the power source first Make sure scene is safe before approaching victim CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - CPR 73
Slide 74-

Vomiting A person in cardiac arrest will often vomit from over-ventilation If the victim vomits, roll person to side, sweep out mouth, roll back, continue CPR Reduce risk with rescue breaths by providing just enough air to cause the chest to rise CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - CPR 74
Slide 75-

When to Stop CPR Victim begins to move or breathe AED directs you to stop Scene becomes unsafe Physically exhausted and unable to continue Professional rescuers arrive and are ready to take over Victim is pronounced dead by a qualified person CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - CPR 75
Slide 76-

Compression-only CPR Continuous chest compressions without rescue breaths Exchange of oxygen occurs with the force of compressions Taught by dispatchers to untrained rescuers who call 9-1-1 Also used for adult victim if rescuer is unable or unwilling to provide rescue breaths CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - CPR 76 Only for adult victims
Slide 77-

Nose and Stoma Rescue Breathing Mouth-to-Nose Use if victim’s mouth or jaw is severely damaged Holding mouth closed prevents air from escaping Make a seal and exhale into victim’s nose Mask-to-Stoma Stoma: surgical opening at base of throat Can be performed with mask or mouth-to-stoma Pinch nose closed if possible to prevent air escape Make a seal around the stoma and exhale; watch for chest rise CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - CPR 77
Slide 78-

Special considerations - AED Optional segment, only required for AED certification 78 Optional Topic
Slide 79-

Key Concepts There are 3 situations to consider when applying AED pads that may alter rescuer’s actions: A very hairy chest An implanted device (e.g. pacemaker) A medication patch CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - AED 79
Slide 80-

Very Hairy Chest A lot of chest hair limits contact between AED pad and victim’s skin AED may not be able to read heart rhythm If the first set of pads is not working Press pads firmly onto skin Remove with a quick motion Apply second set of pads CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - AED 80 If only 1 set of pads is available, quickly shave the areas of pad placement before applying pads
Slide 81-

Implanted Devices Devices may include Pacemaker Automated Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (AICD) Medication administration port Most implanted devices do not affect AED pad placement. Do not place pad directly over implanted device Adjust pad placement at least 1” from device CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - AED 81 Device may appear as a small raised lump under skin
Slide 82-

Medication Patches Do not place an AED pad over a medication patch Use a gloved hand to remove the patch Quickly wipe chest clean with a towel or cloth Apply pads after area is wiped clean CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - AED 82 Medication can be embedded in an adhesive patch applied to skin
Slide 83-

Storage & Maintenance Close to trained rescuers Near most of people, most of the time Visible signage; easy access Common areas easy to describe With accessories Spare adult pads Pediatric pads or adaptor CPR barrier, gloves Safety razor Absorbent towel Inspection Status indicator shows ‘Ready’ Pads & battery not expired No visible damage No missing accessories CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - AED 83
Slide 84-

Troubleshooting An AED performs self checks regularly and every time it is powered on. The AED will notify operator if problem detected “Check pads” Press down firmly, or replace pads w/ back up set Check pad connection to AED “Low Battery” Replace battery Even in low battery state, AED may provide several shocks Refer to AED manufacturer for more information Movement Disrupts analysis of heart rhythm When AED is analyzing, do not touch or move victim CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - AED 84
Slide 85-

Sum It Up Consider shaving a very hairy chest before pad placement Avoid placing pads over implanted device Remove medication patches Store AED near trained rescuers and a phone If a problem with AED cannot be quickly solved, discontinue AED use and resume CPR CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Special Considerations - AED 85
Slide 86-

AED Safety Optional segment, only required for AED certification 86 Optional Topic
Slide 87-

Key Concepts Using an AED during an emergency is safe Take precautions to maximize safety Consider rescuer’s actions when: Clearing the victim Water is present The victim is using oxygen CPR/AED for Community Rescuers AED Safety 87
Slide 88-

What is Wrong With This Picture? CPR/AED for Community Rescuers AED Safety 88
Slide 89-

Water If victim is lying in puddle of water Move to a dryer area Ensure rescuers not standing in water Water on victim’s chest can interfere with defibrillation Quickly dry chest before applying pads A wet chest may cause electricity from AED to disperse before reaching heart Good pad contact with dry skin provides more effective and directed shock to heart CPR/AED for Community Rescuers AED Safety 89 How would you make this scene safe for AED use? Wipe chest dry before applying pads
Slide 90-

Oxygen Medical oxygen is combustible If a person is wearing oxygen Turn it off or remove the mask or cannula If oxygen is being used with rescue breaths Move it several feet from victim before shock Resume rescue breaths with supplemental oxygen CPR/AED for Community Rescuers AED Safety 90 Some people may use oxygen at home or out in community
Slide 91-

Discussion: How would you REACT? Instructor-led discussion Review workbook questions Discuss at least 1 scenario CPR/AED for Community Rescuers REACT Discussion 91
Slide 92-

Responding to Emergencies CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 92
Slide 93-

Key Concepts Emergency scenes can be dangerous Rescuers can quickly become victims Caution and common sense can save your life CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Responding to Emergencies 93
Slide 94-

R.E.A.C.T to an Emergency R: Recognize Emergency E: Environment Safety and Size-Up A: Assess Victim C: Call for Help T: Treat Victim CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Responding to Emergencies 94
Slide 95-

Recognize Emergency Screams, panic; seriously ill or injured person; victim or bystanders agitated or threatening Suspicious environment; collision or stopped vehicle; environmental hazard Remain calm; stay aware of your own safety Consider resources and options CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Responding to Emergencies 95
Slide 96-

Environment Safety Size-up the scene from a safe distance Blood and body fluids: Use personal protective equipment Traffic: Use car to protect scene; use bystanders to stop traffic Fire or smoke: Do not enter; focus on escape; stay low Hazardous chemicals: Leave the area immediately Confined space: Do not enter! Hostile environment: Do victim or bystanders appear agitated or threatening? Size-up the victim How many? What is their general condition? Identify cause of illness or injury If more than 1 victim, decide who needs help most. If unsure, help person closest to you. Activate EMS now if the scene is dangerous or if there is an obvious life-threatening injury or illness. CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Responding to Emergencies 96
Slide 97-

Assess Victim & Call for Help CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Responding to Emergencies 97 Assess the victim Go to the victim’s side Assess response and breathing Life-threatening illness or injury Call for help Shout for help Call 9-1-1 or your emergency response # If not sure it’s an emergency? Activate EMS Dispatcher will ask questions to determine if an emergency
Slide 98-

Treat Victim Treat life-threatening conditions first If no breathing or only gasping, begin CPR If severe bleeding, control with direct pressure Treat victim in position found Only move victim if Danger Need to position for essential care CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Responding to Emergencies 98
Slide 99-

Calling 9-1-1 When you call 9-1-1, dispatcher will ask Name, location, call back phone # What happened Number of victims and general condition What aid is being given Follow instructions, and always hang up last When EMS responders arrive Continue care until told to stop Tell EMS what time event occurred, what time you arrived, and what care has been given CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Responding to Emergencies 99
Slide 100-

Rescuer Stress Normal to feel stress after incident Each rescuer responds differently to stress Don’t ignore post-traumatic stress, manage it Talk about your feelings Eat properly Avoid alcohol, drugs, caffeine Exercise Get enough rest Don’t judge yourself for your actions CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Responding to Emergencies 100 Obtain professional help if needed
Slide 101-

Legal Issues CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 101
Slide 102-

Key Concepts Some people have a duty to respond to an emergency Other people respond voluntarily Voluntary responders are protected by the Good Samaritan Law Maintain skills to stay informed on current practices CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Legal Issues 102
Slide 103-

Good Samaritan Law Respond voluntarily Not getting paid to respond Provide care with good intentions Stay within limits of training Not reckless or careless Do not abandon victim after beginning care CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Legal Issues 103 Protects voluntary responders from civil liability
Slide 104-

Gaining Consent State name, training, & care plan Ask if you can help Types of Consent Expressed: expresses desire for aid Implied: unresponsive person, unattended minor Minor’s consent: A parent or legal guardian gives consent Right to Refuse Care Can refuse care at any time Observe situation from a distance, call 9-1-1 if needed Right to Privacy Do not give out information to coworkers or bystanders Give information to EMS responders and to supervisor CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Legal Issues 104 Get consent from victim before beginning care
Slide 105-

Protection from infection CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 105
Slide 106-

Key Concepts The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard requires the employer to help protect you from exposure to BBP Use precautions with every emergency Hand washing is an important part of infection control CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Protection from Infection 106
Slide 107-

Bloodborne Pathogens Most serious: HIV Hepatitis B Hepatitis C May be transmitted during an emergency when Giving first aid Handling contaminated sharps Cleaning a blood spill Routes of transmission Splash to eye, mouth or nose Opening in skin (cut, scab, rash, hangnail) CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Protection from Infection 107 Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms in blood
Slide 108-

Universal Precautions Assume all blood and body fluids are infectious, except sweat Take precautions with all victims, even children Use personal protective equipment Disposable gloves Gown Mask, goggles or face mask CPR barrier Wash hands thoroughly immediately after glove removal If no water, use hand sanitizer, then wash ASAP CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Protection from Infection 108
Slide 109-

What To Do If You’re Exposed Follow Exposure Control Plan Hand Washing Technique Wash hands and any exposed area as soon as possible Use soap and warm water Scrub thoroughly for at least 20 seconds Rinse well CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Protection from Infection 109 Immediately remove gloves Wash thoroughly with soap and water
Slide 110-

Removing Soiled Gloves Pinch base of glove, peel off slowly, hold in other hand Slip 1 or 2 fingers inside other glove, carefully peel off so that it is inside out Dispose in proper, leak-proof container CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Protection from Infection 110
Slide 111-

Cleaning After an Emergency Clean spill with paper towels or an absorbent powder Pick up sharp objects or broken glass with tongs or brush and dustpan Disinfect with 10% bleach and water or another disinfectant Dispose of soiled personal protective equipment according to workplace policy Wash your hands CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Protection from Infection 111 Wear personal protective equipment
Slide 112-

Airborne Pathogens Other diseases can be spread when an ill person coughs or sneezes Protect yourself by: Getting a flu vaccine Washing your hands often Avoiding contact when possible with people who may be contagious CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Protection from Infection 112
Slide 113-

Sum it Up Keep first aid kits stocked with personal protective equipment If you don’t have personal protective equipment with you, use whatever is available: e.g. To control bleeding, have the victim apply the pressure, or use layers of clean cloth or extra gauze CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Protection from Infection 113
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Heart Attack CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 114
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Key Concepts Heart disease is leading cause of death in the U.S. Heart attack can lead to cardiac arrest More than 1.25 million Americans have a first or recurrent heart attack every year About 70% of the deaths from heart attack occur before the victim reaches the hospital Call 9-1-1 early for any signs of heart attack CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Heart Attack 115
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What is a Heart Attack? Coronary Artery Disease Build-up of fatty deposits in blood vessels Coronary arteries narrow & harden over years Vessels become blocked CAD is preventable What is a heart attack? Heart pumps blood throughout the body Coronary arteries deliver oxygenated blood to heart A blocked coronary artery deprives the heart of oxygen Results in death of heart muscle CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Heart Attack 116
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Heart Attack Signs & Symptoms Chest discomfort Pain, pressure, tightness, squeezing, fullness Discomfort may radiate to the arms, neck, back, jaw, or abdomen Often mistaken for heartburn or indigestion Pale, cool, sweaty skin Shortness of breath Dizziness, fainting or unresponsiveness Nausea, vomiting Unexplained fatigue CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Heart Attack 117
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Emergency Care for Heart Attack Call 9-1-1, get AED if available Position of comfort, usually sitting Calm, reassure person Offer 1 adult or 2 baby aspirin for victim to chew No allergy to aspirin, signs of stroke, or recent bleeding problems Make sure victim is alert and can swallow Check breathing if victim becomes unresponsive If no breathing or only gasping, begin compressions Use the AED when it arrives CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Heart Attack 118
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Don’t Delay Calling 9-1-1 If any signs and symptoms are present If the symptoms fade and return To give aspirin Calling 9-1-1 can mean difference between heart attack & cardiac arrest Professional Rescuers can provide treatment before cardiac arrest occurs CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Heart Attack 119
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Unusual Symptoms Be alert to other symptoms Extreme fatigue Nausea, vomiting Shortness of breath Pain in jaw, neck, arm(s) or abdomen Women are as likely to have a heart attack as men May not report symptoms Often misdiagnosed CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Heart Attack 120 Women, diabetics, elderly may not have classic ‘chest discomfort’
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Use of Aspirin Chewing aspirin gets it into the bloodstream faster than swallowing it Aspirin thins blood, reduces ability to clot Ensure no allergy to aspirin, signs of stroke, or recent bleeding problems Victim must be alert and able to swallow CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Heart Attack 121 Learn your state, local & workplace guidelines for use of aspirin. Offer 1 adult or 2 baby aspirin for victim to chew
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Stroke CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 122
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Key Concepts Stroke is 3rd leading cause of death in U.S. 800,000 strokes each year in the U.S. Call 9-1-1 early for any signs of stroke CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Stroke 123
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What is a stroke? A stroke is like a heart attack occurring in the brain Caused by a clot or bleed in the brain Symptoms may be minor or severe Many survivors are permanently impaired and struggle with daily activities CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Stroke 124
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Stroke Signs & Symptoms Sudden onset Weakness or numbness of arm or leg, usually on one side of body Facial droop or paralysis Difficulty speaking Difficulty eating, swallowing, or managing secretions Loss of balance or coordination, difficulty walking Confusion, anxiety, unresponsiveness Changes in sensation Severe headache or dizziness Change in vision Temporary symptoms may be a baby stroke CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Stroke 125
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Emergency Care for Stroke Call 9-1-1 (activate EMS) Protect the airway Place in the recovery position to allow fluids to drain if needed Calm and reassure victim Note time that symptoms began If person is unresponsive Check for breathing Start compressions if needed CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Stroke 126
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Don’t Delay Calling 9-1-1 Call 9-1-1 immediately for signs of stroke Do not wait to see if symptoms go away Do not drive to hospital The time it takes to call 9-1-1 is critical Some strokes treated with clot-busting medication (fibrinolytic therapy) Same as with a heart attack Only effective in the first few hours of a stroke Early recognition of stroke can make difference between life and death or between complete recovery and lifelong disability CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Stroke 127
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STR: Smile, Talk, Reach Assessment CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Stroke 128 Smile: Ask person to smile. Look for uneven smile or facial droop Talk: Ask person to repeat a common phrase. Listen for slurred or incorrect words Reach: Ask person to close eyes and raise arms. Look for arm drift or weakness on one side
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Adult or child choking CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 129
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Key Concepts Choking is a preventable emergency Most choking incidents occur in children younger than 5 years old Treatment is the same for an adult or child Act quickly! Severe choking results in death if not treated Differentiate between choking and other emergencies (heart attack, asthma, seizure, drug overdose) Was person Talking or drinking alcohol while eating Eating too fast or not chewing food completely Wearing dentures while eating (hard to tell if food is chewed) Walking or running while eating or chewing gum Universal sign of choking: 1 or both hands at throat CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult/Child Choking 130
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Mild Obstruction If person can forcefully cough or speak, do not interfere Forceful coughing is the best way to relieve an obstruction Ask, “Are you choking?” If can cough or speak, encourage coughing Watch for progression to severe obstruction Send someone to call 9-1-1 if coughing is prolonged CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult/Child Choking 131 Airway is partially blocked
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Severe Obstruction Use abdominal thrusts Ask, “Are you choking?” If nods or can’t speak: Say you are going to help Stand behind person & reach under arms Place 1 fist just above navel, thumb side in Grasp fist with other hand Give quick upward thrusts until object comes out or the person can breathe or cough Send bystander to call 9-1-1 if cannot quickly clear obstruction CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult/Child Choking 132 Airway is completely blocked and person cannot breathe
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Unresponsive Choking Person Lower person to ground Send a bystander to call 9-1-1 If alone with adult victim, go call 9-1-1 now Perform CPR Look in mouth after each set of compressions If object is seen, remove it Do not ‘blind sweep’ mouth If alone with a child or infant, go call 9-1-1 after 2 min. of CPR CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult/Child Choking 133
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Pregnant or Larger Victim Stand behind person Reach around chest, under arms Place one fist in center of the chest Same location as chest compressions Grasp fist with other hand Perform continuous backward thrusts CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult/Child Choking 134 Use Chest Thrusts
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Choking Prevention Tips Eat slowly and chew food completely Do not talk or laugh with food in your mouth Adults: Don’t drink too much alcohol while eating; make sure dentures fit well Children: Cut food into small pieces; cut round food into halves or quarters Protect young children from objects small enough to fit through center of toilet paper roll Keep children seated and supervised at mealtime CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Adult/Child Choking 135
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Infant choking CPR/AED for Community Rescuers 136
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Key Concepts Choking is a preventable emergency Most choking incidents occur in children younger than 5 years old Treatment for infants is different than for adults and children CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant Choking 137
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Signs of Infant Choking Signs of Choking Unable to cry or cough effectively Difficulty or no breathing Wheezing or high-pitched sounds Bluish color skin Bulging or tearing eyes Panic or distressed facial expressions Mild Obstruction: Infant able to cough or cry Do not interfere Observe for progression to severe obstruction Do not leave the infant Call 9-1-1 if unsure CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant Choking 138
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Severe Obstruction Send bystander to call 9-1-1 Stay with infant if alone Sit or kneel Hold face down & provide 5 back slaps Turn face up & provide 5 chest thrusts Repeat sequence until relieved or unresponsive CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant Choking 139
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Unresponsive Choking Infant Use CPR to remove object Send bystander to call 9-1-1 Perform CPR with added step of looking in mouth after compressions Continue CPR until infant begins to breathe Call 9-1-1 after 2 minutes if still alone CPR/AED for Community Rescuers Infant Choking 140
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Discussion: How would you REACT? Instructor-led discussion Review workbook questions Discuss at least 1 scenario CPR/AED for Community Rescuers REACT Discussion 141