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Development of Genital System PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Development Of Genital System” by Dr Mukesh Singla.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the genital system, also known as the reproductive system. The genital system develops in two phases: the embryonic stage and the fetal stage. During the embryonic stage, the genital system begins to form from a pair of genital ridges, which appear as early as the fifth week of gestation.

In males, the genital ridges develop into the testes, which begin to produce testosterone around the eighth week of gestation. Testosterone triggers the development of the male genitalia, including the penis, scrotum, and prostate gland.

In females, the genital ridges develop into the ovaries, which produce estrogen and progesterone. These hormones stimulate the development of the female genitalia, including the clitoris, labia majora, and labia minora.

During the fetal stage, the genitalia continue to develop and differentiate. In males, the testes descend from the abdomen into the scrotum by the seventh month of gestation. In females, the uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina develop from the same tissue that forms the male genitalia in the absence of testosterone.

At birth, both male and female genitalia appear immature, but they continue to develop throughout childhood and puberty. The onset of puberty triggers the production of sex hormones, which stimulate the growth and maturation of the genitalia, as well as the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development in females and facial hair growth in males.

Overall, the development of the genital system is a complex process that involves the interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Any disruptions in this process can lead to congenital abnormalities, such as intersex conditions, that affect the development of the reproductive organs and sexual characteristics.

Tags : Genital System, reproductive system, embryonic stage, fetal stage, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 1760 | Downloads : 0

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Development Of Genital System Dr Mukesh Singla Additional Professor Anatomy AIIMS Rishikesh
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URINARY BLADDER
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MALE PELVIS
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MALE URETHRA
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FEMALE PELVIS
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Genital ducts in the female at the end of the second month. Note the paramesonephric (m¨ullerian) tubercle and formation of the uterine canal. B. Genital ducts after descent of the ovary. The only parts remaining from the mesonephric system are the epoophoron, paroophoron, and Gartner’s cyst. Note the suspensory ligament of the ovary, ligament of the ovary proper, and round ligament of the uterus.
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Patient with hypospadias. The urethra is open on the ventral surface of the penis.
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DESCENT OF THE TESTES TOWARD THE END OF THE SECOND MONTH, THE UROGENITAL MESENTERY ATTACHES THE TESTIS AND MESONEPHROS TO THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL WITH DEGENERATION OF THE MESONEPHROS, THE ATTACHMENT SERVES AS A MESENTERY FOR THE GONAD CAUDALLY, IT BECOMES LIGAMENTOUS AND IS KNOWN AS THE CAUDAL GENITAL LIGAMENT. ALSO EXTENDING FROM THE CAUDAL POLE OF THE TESTIS IS A MESENCHYMAL CONDENSATION RICH IN EXTRACELLULAR MATRICES, THE GUBERNACULUM
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PRIOR TO DESCENT OF THE TESTIS, THIS BAND OF MESENCHYME TERMINATES IN THE INGUINAL REGION BETWEEN THE DIFFERENTIATING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE MUSCLES. LATER, AS THE TESTIS BEGINS TO DESCEND TOWARD THE INGUINAL RING, AN EXTRA-ABDOMINAL PORTION OF THE GUBERNACULUM FORMS AND GROWS FROM THE INGUINAL REGION TOWARD THE SCROTAL SWELLINGS. WHEN THE TESTIS PASSES THROUGH THE INGUINAL CANAL, THIS EXTRA-ABDOMINAL PORTION CONTACTS THE SCROTAL FLOOR
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FACTORS CONTROLLING DESCENT OF THE TESTIS OUTGROWTH OF THE EXTRA-ABDOMINAL PORTION OF THE GUBERNACULUM PRODUCES INTRA-ABDOMINAL MIGRATION AN INCREASE IN INTRA-ABDOMINAL PRESSURE DUE TO ORGAN GROWTH PRODUCES PASSAGE THROUGH THE INGUINAL CANAL REGRESSION OF THE EXTRA-ABDOMINAL PORTION OF THE GUBERNACULUM COMPLETES MOVEMENT OF THE TESTIS INTO THE SCROTUM NORMALLY, THE TESTES REACH THE INGUINAL REGION BY APPROXIMATELY 12 WEEKS' GESTATION,
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MIGRATE THROUGH THE INGUINAL CANAL BY 28 WEEKS REACH THE SCROTUM BY 33 WEEKS THE PROCESS IS INFLUENCED BY HORMONES, INCLUDING ANDROGENS AND MULLERIAN INHIBITING SUBSTANCE (MIS) DURING DESCENT, BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE TESTIS FROM THE AORTA IS RETAINED, AND TESTICULAR VESSELS EXTEND FROM THEIR ORIGINAL LUMBAR POSITION TO THE TESTIS IN THE SCROTUM.
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INDEPENDENTLY FROM DESCENT OF THE TESTIS, THE PERITONEUM OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY FORMS AN EVAGINATION ON EACH SIDE OF THE MIDLINE INTO THE VENTRAL ABDOMINAL WALL. THIS EVAGINATION, THE PROCESSUS VAGINALIS, FOLLOWS THE COURSE OF THE GUBERNACULUM TESTIS INTO THE SCROTAL SWELLINGS HENCE THE PROCESSUS VAGINALIS, ACCOMPANIED BY THE MUSCULAR AND FASCIAL LAYERS OF THE BODY WALL, EVAGINATES INTO THE SCROTAL SWELLING, FORMING THE INGUINAL CANAL
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THE TESTIS DESCENDS THROUGH THE INGUINAL RING AND OVER THE RIM OF THE PUBIC BONE AND IS PRESENT IN THE SCROTUM AT BIRTH. THE TESTIS IS THEN COVERED BY A REFLECTED FOLD OF THE PROCESSUS VAGINALIS THE PERITONEAL LAYER COVERING THE TESTIS IS THE VISCERAL LAYER OF THE TUNICA VAGINALIS; THE REMAINDER OF THE PERITONEAL SAC FORMS THE PARIETAL LAYER OF THE TUNICA VAGINALIS THE NARROW CANAL CONNECTING THE LUMEN OF THE VAGINAL PROCESS WITH THE PERITONEAL CAVITY IS OBLITERATED AT BIRTH OR SHORTLY THEREAFTER
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IN ADDITION TO BEING COVERED BY PERITONEAL LAYERS DERIVED FROM THE PROCESSUS VAGINALIS, THE TESTIS BECOMES ENSHEATHED IN LAYERS DERIVED FROM THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL THROUGH WHICH IT PASSES. THUS, THE TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA FORMS THE INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA THE INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE GIVES RISE TO THE CREMASTERIC FASCIA MUSCLE, AND THE EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE FORMS THE EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA THE TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE A LAYER, SINCE IT ARCHES OVER THIS REGION AND DOES NOT COVER THE PATH OF MIGRATION.
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HERNIAS AND CRYPTORCHISM THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY AND THE PROCESSUS VAGINALIS IN THE SCROTAL SAC NORMALLY CLOSES IN THE FIRST YEAR AFTER BIRTH IF THIS PASSAGEWAY REMAINS OPEN, INTESTINAL LOOPS MAY DESCEND INTO THE SCROTUM, CAUSING A CONGENITAL INGUINAL HERNIA SOMETIMES OBLITERATION OF THIS PASSAGEWAY IS IRREGULAR, LEAVING SMALL CYSTS ALONG ITS COURSE. LATER THESE CYSTS MAY SECRETE FLUID, FORMING A HYDROCELE OF THE TESTIS AND/OR SPERMATIC CORD
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IN 97% OF MALE NEWBORNS, TESTES ARE PRESENT IN THE SCROTUM BEFORE BIRTH. IN MOST OF THE REMAINDER, DESCENT WILL BE COMPLETED DURING THE FIRST 3 MONTHS POSTNATALLY. IN LESS THAN 1% OF INFANTS, ONE OR BOTH TESTES FAIL TO DESCEND. THE CONDITION IS CALLED CRYPTORCHIDISM AND MAY BE CAUSED BY DECREASED ANDROGEN (TESTOSTERONE) PRODUCTION. THE UNDESCENDED TESTES FAIL TO PRODUCE MATURE SPERMATOZOA AND THE CONDITION IS ASSOCIATED WITH A 3% TO 5% INCIDENCE OF RENAL ANOMALIES.
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DERIVATIVES OF THE MESONEPHERIC DUCT MALES: FUNCTIONAL: 1. EFFERENT DUCTULES OF TESTIS 2. DUCT OF EPIDIDYMIS 3. VAS DEFERENCE 4. SEMINAL VESICLES 5. COMMON EJACULATORY DUCT 6. URETRIC BUD – COLLECTING PART OF KIDNEY 7. TRIGONE OF BLADDER
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NON FUNCTIONAL DERIVATIVES OF MESONEPHERIC TUBULES MALE: 1. SUPERIOR ABERRANT DUCTULES OF TESTIS 2. INFERIOR ABERRANT DUCTULES OF TESTIS 3. APPENDIX OF EPIDIDYMIS
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REMNANTS OF PARAMESONEPHERIC DUCTS MALES; 1. APPENDIX OF TESTIS 2. PROSTATIC UTRICLE
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REMANANTS OF THE MESONEPHERIC TUBULES FEMALES: 1. TUBULES OF EPOOPHORON 2. TUBULES OF PARA EPOOPHORON REMANANTS OF THE MESONEPHERIC DUCT 1. DUCT OF EPOOPHORON– GARTNERS DUCT 2. DUCT OF PARA EPOOPHORON
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1. When does the metanephros become functional? (A) At week 3 of development (B) At week 4 of development (C) At week 10 of development (D) Just before birth (E) Just after birth
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1. When does the metanephros become functional? (A) At week 3 of development (B) At week 4 of development (C) At week 10 of development(+) (D) Just before birth (E) Just after birth
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. The proximal convoluted tubules of the definitive adult kidney are derived from the (A) ureteric bud (B) metanephric vesicle (C) mesonephric duct (D) mesonephric tubules (E) pronephric tubules
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The proximal convoluted tubules of the definitive adult kidney are derived from the (A) ureteric bud (B) metanephric vesicle(+) (C) mesonephric duct (D) mesonephric tubules (E) pronephric tubules
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The transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder is derived from (A) ectoderm (B) endoderm (C) mesoderm (D) endoderm and mesoderm (E) neural crest cells
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The transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder is derived from (A) ectoderm (B) endoderm(+) (C) mesoderm (D) endoderm and mesoderm (E) neural crest cells
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The transitional epithelium lining the ureter is derived from (A) ectoderm (B) endoderm (C) mesoderm(+) (D) endoderm and mesoderm (E) neural crest cells
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The transitional epithelium lining the ureter is derived from (A) ectoderm (B) endoderm (C) mesoderm(+) (D) endoderm and mesoderm (E) neural crest cells
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Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist, red protrusion of tissue is noted just superior to his pubic symphysis. After observation, urine drainage is noted from the upper lateral corners of this tissue mass. What is the diagnosis? (A) Pelvic kidney (B) Horseshoe kidney (C) Polycystic disease of the kidney (D) Urachal cyst (E) Exstrophy of the bladder
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Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist, red protrusion of tissue is noted just superior to his pubic symphysis. After observation, urine drainage is noted from the upper lateral corners of this tissue mass. What is the diagnosis? (A) Pelvic kidney (B) Horseshoe kidney (C) Polycystic disease of the kidney (D) Urachal cyst (E) Exstrophy of the bladder(+)
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The indifferent embryo begins phenotypic sexual differentiation during (A) week 3 of development (B) week 5 of development (C) week 7 of development (D) week 12 of development (E) week 20 of development
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The indifferent embryo begins phenotypic sexual differentiation during (A) week 3 of development (B) week 5 of development (C) week 7 of development(+) (D) week 12 of development (E) week 20 of development
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A structure found within the adult female pelvis formed from the gubernaculum is the (A) broad ligament (B) suspensory ligament of the ovary (C) round ligament of the uterus (D) medial umbilical ligament (E) median umbilical ligament
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A structure found within the adult female pelvis formed from the gubernaculum is the (A) broad ligament (B) suspensory ligament of the ovary (C) round ligament of the uterus(+) (D) medial umbilical ligament (E) median umbilical ligament
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The labia minora arise embryologically from which of the following structures? (A) Phallus (B) Labioscrotal swellings (C) Sinovaginal bulbs (D) Urogenital folds (E) Paramesonephric duct
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The labia minora arise embryologically from which of the following structures? (A) Phallus (B) Labioscrotal swellings (C) Sinovaginal bulbs (D) Urogenital folds(+) (E) Paramesonephric duct
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In the male, failure of the urethral folds to fuse completely results in (A) hypospadias (B) epispadias (C) cryptorchidism (D) congenital inguinal hernia (E) hydrocele
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In the male, failure of the urethral folds to fuse completely results in (A) hypospadias(+) (B) epispadias (C) cryptorchidism (D) congenital inguinal hernia (E) hydrocele
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The Y chromosome carries a gene on its short arm that codes for (A) testosterone (B) MIF (C) testes-determining factor (TDF) (D) progesterone (E) estrogen
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The Y chromosome carries a gene on its short arm that codes for (A) testosterone (B) MIF (C) testes-determining factor (TDF)(+) (D) progesterone (E) estrogen
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Bilateral cryptorchidism usually results in (A) impotence (B) sterility (C) male pseudo-intersexuality (D) female pseudo-intersexuality (E) testicular feminization syndrome
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Bilateral cryptorchidism usually results in (A) impotence (B) sterility(+) (C) male pseudo-intersexuality (D) female pseudo-intersexuality (E) testicular feminization syndrome