Download Free Medical Chronic granulomatous conditions of nose PowerPoint Presentation

Chronic granulomatous conditions of nose PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : This medical presentation titled ""Chronic granulomatous conditions of nose"" is about Rhinoscleroma.

Tags : Chronic granulomatous conditions, nose, Rhinoscleroma, upper respiratory tract, bacterium Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Epidemiology, Nasal obstruction, Rhinorrhea, Epistaxis, Dysphagia, Nasal deformity, Anesthesia of the soft palate, Difficulty breathing that progresses to stridor, Dysphonia, Anosmia, Pathological development, Treatment, Wegner’s Granulomatosis, Aetiology, Clinical Features, Pulmonary symptoms, Cough, Haemoptysis, Pleuritic pain, Cavitation, Encapsulated lung abscess, Renal Symptoms, Diagnosis, Septal Perforation, allergy

Published on : Apr 25, 2021 | Views : 2322 | Downloads : 2

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Chronic granulomatous conditions of nose
Slide 2-

Rhinoscleroma
Slide 3-

Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous condition of the nose and other structures of the upper respiratory tract. It is a result of infection by the bacterium Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis.
Slide 4-

Rhinoscleroma is contracted by means of the direct inhalation of droplets or contaminated material. The disease probably begins in areas of epithelial transition such as the vestibule of the nose, the subglottic area of the larynx, or the area between the nasopharynx and oropharynx.
Slide 5-

Rhinoscleroma usually affects the nasal cavity, but lesions associated with rhinoscleroma may also affect the larynx; nasopharynx; oral cavity; paranasal sinuses; or soft tissues of the lips, nose, trachea, and bronchi.
Slide 6-

Epidemiology It is endemic to regions of Africa (Egypt, tropical areas), Southeast Asia, Mexico, Central and South America, and Central and Eastern Europe. Rhinoscleroma tends to affect females somewhat more often than it does males. Typically, rhinoscleroma appears in patients aged 10-30 years.
Slide 7-

Disease may start as a single nodule or in groups in nasal cavity. The lesions do not suppurate or ulcerate They heal by dense cicatrization, almost cartilage like hardness
Slide 8-

Possible history findings Nasal obstruction (most common complaint) Rhinorrhea Epistaxis Dysphagia Nasal deformity Anesthesia of the soft palate Difficulty breathing that progresses to stridor Dysphonia Anosmia
Slide 9-

Pathological development Diffuse stage resembling atrophic rhinitis Stage of localisation and organisation Stage of cicatrization
Slide 10-

DD Atrophic rhinitis Tertiary syphilis Lupus Leprosy Cancer
Slide 11-

Treatment Streptomycin Tetracyclines Chlorophenicol Steroids Locally Systemically
Slide 12-

Wegner’s Granulomatosis
Slide 13-

A condition characterized by granulomatous inflammation involving the respiratory tract and necrotizing vasculitis affecting small to medium sized vessels. The pathological hallmark is the co-existence of vasculitis and granulomas and classically involves a triad of airway, lungs and renal disease.
Slide 14-

Age and Sex Significant number of patients below 25 years of age. Younger patients present with a generalized form.
Slide 15-

Aetiology Aetiology remains unknown. Its inflammatory nature and resemblance to polyarteritis nodosa suggests that it represents some form of hypersensitivity reaction. It might be related to inhaled bacteria.
Slide 16-

Clinical Features Most patients start with minor ENT symptoms Variable degree of epistaxis Nasal Obstruction Bloody crusts Destruction of intranasal structures including septum may follow leading eventually to nasal collapse. Patients may complain of significant facial pain.
Slide 17-

Clinical Features Patients frequently complain of progressive malaise, pyrexia, weight loss and feel very unwell. Nose and paranasal sinuses are involved in 80% patients. Intranasal destruction of cartilage and bone leads to septal perforation.
Slide 18-

Pulmonary symptoms Cough Haemoptysis Pleuritic pain Cavitation Encapsulated lung abscess
Slide 19-

Renal Symptoms Between 30% to 90% patients develop renal symptoms. Microscopic haematuria Segmental or diffuse glomerulonephritis.
Slide 20-

Ocular manifestations Conjuctiviitis Dacrocystitis Corneal ulceration Optic neuritis and retinal artery occlusion. Blindness unilateral or bilateral
Slide 21-

Otologic sympoms Acute otitis media Otitis media with effusion Deafness Otalgia Both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
Slide 22-

Diagnosis cANCA test is positive in 95% of patients. A full blood count ESR Renal Profile Urine analysis
Slide 23-

Biopsy from septum or turbinates Vasculitis Granulomas of epithelial cell type Multinucleated giant cells
Slide 24-

Mucosal thickening Bone destruction New bone formation
Slide 25-

Treatment Steroids and a variety of cytotoxic drugs improve short term prognosis by 90%. Nasal symptoms managed by topical preparations. Augmentation rhinoplasty
Slide 26-

Septal Perforation
Slide 27-

Causes Trauma Surgical Repeated cautery Digital trauma Malignant disease Malignant tumours Malignant granuloma Chronic infections Syphilis Tuberculosis Leprosy
Slide 28-

Poisons Industrial Cocaine addicts Idiopathic Most are iatrogenic in origin Repeated cautery of the septum Occupational: Commonest cause is penetration of the nasal mucosa by one of the hexavalent forms of chromium. Other causes include exposure to soda ash, arsenic and its compounds, organic compounds of mercury, cocaine and snuff.
Slide 29-

There are often four well marked stages of development: Redness and congestion of mucosa Blenching and anaemia Necrosis and development of crusts Final extension of crusts in to cartilage and perforation
Slide 30-

Symptoms Most septal perforations are asymptomatic. Development of large crusts may cause nasal obstruction Separation of crusts may lead to bleeding Whistling noise The larger the perforation more symptoms it would produce
Slide 31-

Treatment Cure the causative disease process Perforations never heal spontaneously Less severe cases can be satisfactorily controlled by nasal douching Silastic Obturators can be used to close large perforations up to 4 cm in diameter. If obturators fail to deliver consider surgery Perforations larger than 2 cm are difficult to close