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Blood PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Blood”.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about blood, a vital fluid that circulates throughout the body of many animals, including humans. It is composed of plasma, which is a liquid component, and various types of cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

The main function of blood is to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the bodys tissues and organs and remove waste products such as carbon dioxide. It also plays a crucial role in the immune system by transporting white blood cells and antibodies to fight infections.

The color of blood is typically bright red when it is oxygenated and darker red or blue when it is deoxygenated. The composition of blood can vary depending on a persons health and the presence of any medical conditions. A blood test can provide valuable information about a persons health, including their blood type, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar levels.

Tags : Blood, plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, Hematology, Hematology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : May 29, 2023 | Views : 1098 | Downloads : 9

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Slide 1-

Blood
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White blood cells Platelets Red blood cells Artery Blood
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Deliver O2 Remove metabolic wastes Maintain temperature, pH, and fluid volume Protection from blood loss- platelets Prevent infection- antibodies and WBC Transport hormones Function Blood
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Plasma-55% Formed elements-45% Blood Buffy coat-<1%
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90% Water 8% Solutes: Proteins Albumin (60 %) Alpha and Beta Globulins Gamma Globulins fibrinogens Gas Electrolytes Blood Plasma Components-55%
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Organic Nutrients Carbohydrates Amino Acids Lipids Vitamins Hormones Metabolic waste CO2 Urea Blood Plasma Components
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Buffy Coat- <1% Leukocytes Platelets
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Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Leukocytes (white blood cells) Platelets (thrombocytes) Formed Elements of the Blood-45%
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Erythrocytes
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Erythrocyte7.5m in dia · Anucleate- so can't reproduce; however, repro in red bone marrow · Hematopoiesis- production of RBC · Function- transport respiratory gases · Hemoglobin- quaternary structure, 2  chains and 2  chains · Lack mitochondria. Why? · 1 RBC contains 280 million hemoglobin molecules · Men- 5 million cells/mm3 · Women- 4.5 million cells/mm3 · Life span 100-120 days and then destroyed in spleen (RBC graveyard)
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Hemoglobin
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Blood Cell Production
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Anemia- when blood has low O2 carrying capacity; insufficient RBC or iron deficiency. Factors that can cause anemia- Exercise- causes need for more hemoglobin and also sweat includes iron B12 deficiency RBC Diseases
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Sickle-cell anemia- Found in 1 out of 400 African Americans. Homozygous for sickle-cell is deadly, but in malaria infested countries, the heterozygous condition is beneficial. RBC Diseases
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Polycythemia- excess of erythrocytes,  viscosity of blood; 8-11 million cells/mm3 Usually caused by cancer; however, naturally occurs at high elevations Blood doping- in athletesremove blood 2 days before event and then replace it- banned by Olympics. RBC Diseases
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Granulocytes Neutrophils- 40-70% Eosinophils- 1-4% Basophils- <1% Agranulocytes Monocytes- 4-8% Lymphocytes- 20-45% Never let monkeys eat bananas 4,000-11,000 cells/mm 3 Types of Leukocytes
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Basophil Eosinophil Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte platelet
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ID WBC’s
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Leukopenia Abnormally low WBC count—drug induced Leukemias Cancerous conditions involving WBCs Named according to the abnormal WBC clone involved Mononucleosis highly contagious viral disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus; excessive # of agranulocytes; fatigue, sore throat, recover in a few weeks WBC Diseases
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Figure 17.12 Stem cell Developmental pathway Hemocyto- blast Megakaryoblast Promegakaryocyte Megakaryocyte Platelets Platelets
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Hemostasis- stoppage of bleeding Tissue Damage Platelets: 250,000-500,000 cells/mm3
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Hemostasis: 4. Coagulation Vessel injury 2. Vascular spasm 3. Platelet plug formation
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Hemostasis(+ feedback) Traps RBC & platelets Platelets release thromboplastin
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Blood Clot Fibrin thread Platelet RBC
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Disorders of Hemostasis Thromboembolytic disorders: undesirable clot formation Bleeding disorders: abnormalities that prevent normal clot formation
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Thromboembolytic Conditions Thrombus: clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel May block circulation, leading to tissue death Embolus: a thrombus freely floating in the blood stream Pulmonary emboli impair the ability of the body to obtain oxygen Cerebral emboli can cause strokes
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Thromboembolytic Conditions Prevented by Aspirin Antiprostaglandin that inhibits thromboxane A2 Heparin Anticoagulant used clinically for pre- and postoperative cardiac care
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Thrombocytosis- too many platelets due to inflammation, infection or cancer Thrombocytopenia- too few platelets causes spontaneous bleeding due to suppression or destruction of bone marrow (e.g., malignancy, radiation) Platelet count <50,000/mm3 is diagnostic Treated with transfusion of concentrated platelets Bleeding Disorders
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Impaired liver function Inability to synthesize procoagulants Causes include vitamin K deficiency, hepatitis, and cirrhosis Liver disease can also prevent the liver from producing bile, impairing fat and vitamin K absorption Bleeding Disorders
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Hemophilias include several similar hereditary bleeding disorders Symptoms include prolonged bleeding, especially into joint cavities Treated with plasma transfusions and injection of missing factors Bleeding Disorders
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Hemophiliac- a sex-linked recessive trait, primarily carried by males (x chromosome)
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Type A Type B Type AB Type O Blood Types
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Blood type is based on the presence of 2 major antigens in RBC membranes-- A and B Blood type Antigen Antibody A A anti-B B B anti-A A & B AB no anti body Neither A or B O anti-A and anti-B Antigen- protein on the surface of a RBC membrane Antibody- proteins made by lymphocytes in plasma which are made in response to the presence of antigens. They attack foreign antigens, which result in clumping (agglutination) Blood Typing
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Type A
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Type B
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Type O
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Type AB
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Rh Factor and Pregnancy RH- indicates no protein RH+ indicates protein RH+ indicates protein
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Rh Factor and Pregnancy Rh+ mother w/Rh- baby– no problem Rh- mother w/Rh+ baby– problem Rh- mother w/Rh- father– no problem Rh- mother w/Rh- baby-- no problem RhoGAM used @ 28 weeks
Slide 40-

Type AB- universal recipients Type O- universal donor Rh factor: Rh+ 85% dominant in pop Rh- 15% recessive Blood Type Clumping Antibody A antigen A anti-A serum antibody anti-b B antigen B anti-B serum antibody anti-a AB antigen A & B anti A & B serum - O neither A or B no clumping w/ either anti A or B anti-a, anti-b
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ABO Blood Types Phenotype Genotype O i i A I A I A or I A i B I B I B or I B i AB I A I B
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Type A and Type B cross IA IA IB i IAi IAIB IAIB IAi Punnett square
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Bozeman Video - Blood Types http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXTF7WehgM8