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Blood Component Therapy PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Blood Component Therapy” by Dr Nishant Verma.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about blood component therapy, a medical treatment in which specific components of blood are given to a patient to help manage certain medical conditions. Blood components include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma, and clotting factors.

Red blood cells (RBCs) carry oxygen to the bodys tissues and organs. Patients who have anemia, have lost a significant amount of blood due to surgery or trauma, or have chronic blood loss may receive a transfusion of RBCs.

Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. Patients with low platelet counts due to conditions such as leukemia or chemotherapy may receive a transfusion of platelets.

Plasma is the liquid portion of blood and contains various proteins, such as albumin, immunoglobulins, and clotting factors. Plasma can be used to treat bleeding disorders such as hemophilia or to replace lost fluids due to burns or shock.

White blood cells (WBCs) are part of the immune system and help fight infections. Patients with low WBC counts due to chemotherapy or bone marrow disorders may receive a transfusion of WBCs.

Clotting factors are proteins that help blood to clot. Patients with clotting disorders, such as hemophilia or von Willebrand disease, may receive transfusions of specific clotting factors.

Blood component therapy is a complex treatment that requires careful matching of donor blood and recipient blood to avoid transfusion reactions. It is typically performed in a hospital or other medical facility under the supervision of trained medical professionals.

Tags : Blood Component Therapy, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma, clotting factors, Hematology, Hematology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : May 29, 2023 | Views : 3319 | Downloads : 4

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Slide 1-

Blood Component Therapy Dr Nishant Verma Department of Pediatrics, KGMU, Lucknow
Slide 2-

Historical Time Line 17th century- 1st recorded transfusion (from man to animal) 1901- Karl Landsteiner’s discovery of ABO grouping laid foundation for scientific transfusion practices 1920’s - development of anti-coagulation solutions to store donated blood 1950’s - disposable plastic systems for collection and aseptic separation of blood components came into use
Slide 3-

Blood Components Role of Whole Blood ???
Slide 4-

APROPRIATE USE OF BLOOD COMPONENTS Use Blood Components – Only if necessary Risk Of Adverse Reactions Use Screened Blood Avoid Blood Transfusions as much as possible
Slide 5-

PRBC transfusion Indications Acute loss of >25% blood volume Hb<8gm/dl in perioperative period Hb<8gm/dl and symptomatic Aplastic vs Hemolytic anemia
Slide 6-

Packed RBC Anticoagulant – CPDA / CPD Volume – 150-200ml Shelf life – 21-42 days (depending on the anticoagulant) HCT – 60-80% Storage PRBC transfusion
Slide 7-

Administration of PRBC Cross matching Patient identification Catheter size >22G Separate line Use Filter
Slide 8-

Administration of PRBC Method Universal precautions Volume Depends on indication 10-15ml/kg  Hb by 2-3gm/dl Infusion time – 4hr Monitor
Slide 9-

Platelet Transfusion Types Isolation from a unit of donated blood (RDP) (50-60ml) Apheresis from a donor (SDP) (150-300ml) 1 SDP ~ 4-6 RDP
Slide 10-

Platelet Transfusion Indications <50000/mm3 and bleeding <50000/mm3 and invasive procedure <20000/mm3 and with risk factors <10000/mm3 without risk factors Storage : Room temperature under constant agitation Shelf life: 5 days
Slide 11-

Dose 1 U RDP / 10kg body wt, or 10ml/kg ( Plt count by 30000/mm3) Cross matching Administration Rate Over 20-30min Platelet Transfusion
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FRESH FROZEN PLASMA Plasma Frozen At –18 to -300 C within 8 hrs Shelf life – 1yr Stable Clotting Factors as well as Factor VIII 200 - 250 ml Ideally Thawed in Blood Bank ABO matching Donor plasma contains A and/or B alloantibodies Must be either ABO-identical or ABO-compatible with the recipient.
Slide 13-

FRESH FROZEN PLASMA A patient with type A blood can accept plasma from donors who are type A (identical) or type AB (compatible) A patient with type B blood can accept plasma from donors who are type B (identical) or type AB (compatible) A patient with type O blood can accept plasma from donors who are type O (identical) or types A, B, or AB (compatible) A patient with type AB blood can only accept plasma from donors who are type AB (identical)
Slide 14-

FFP- INDICATIONS Indications Hereditary clotting factor deficiencies von Willebrand disease Acquired coagulation defects severe liver disease DIC Severe Vitamin K deficiency bleeding Availability of purified and recombinant coagulation factors - the use of FFP has markedly declined Dose – 10ml/kg
Slide 15-

CRYOPRECIPITATE Cryoprecipitate is prepared by thawing FFP between 1ºC and 6ºC and recovering precipitate Factor VIII 80 – 100 IU /Bag, Fibrinogen 150 –300 mg/pack
Slide 16-

INDICATIONS von Willebrandt Disease Hemophilia A Factor XIII deficiency DIC Dys & Hypofibrinogenemia One Unit per 7 – 10 Kg. BW
Slide 17-

Complications of Blood Transfusion
Slide 18-

Types Infection Transfusion reactions Circulatory overload Metabolic Iron overload
Slide 19-

Types Infection Transfusion reactions Circulatory overload Metabolic Iron overload
Slide 20-

Transfusion reactions 1. Acute Hemolytic reaction Results from mistransfusion of ABO- incompatible red cells Is best prevented, rather than treated
Slide 21-

Transfusion reactions 2. Febrile reaction Related to the presence of cytokines produced by donor leukocytes 3. Allergic reaction Vary in severity from mild hives and itching to fatal anaphylaxis More common with plasma and platelet transfusions
Slide 22-

Transfusion reactions 4. Transfusion Associated Lung Injury (TRALI) New ALI/ARDS occurring during or within six hours after blood product administration Anti HLA or anti granulocyte Ab in donor plasma Recipient WBC Complement activation Pulmonary sequestration and activation of neutrophils Endothelial damage Capillary leak in Lungs TRALI
Slide 23-

TRALI C/F Dyspnea, bilateral noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypotension, fever Tt Supportive
Slide 24-

Transfusion reactions 5. Transfusion Associated GVHD (TA-GVHD)
Slide 25-

At risk population C/F Prevention: Irradiated products TA- GVHD
Slide 26-

DONOR LEUKOCYTE FNHTR GVHD Immunosuppression HLA alloimmunization Infections (esp. CMV) LEUKODEPLETION
Slide 27-

Leukodepletion Each unit of whole blood or unmodified PRBC contains roughly 2 to 5 x 109 leukocytes Filters 2nd generation: 90-99% reduction [1-2 Log] 3rd generation: 99.9-99.99% reduction [3-4 Log]
Slide 28-

If possible always avoid a transfusion…… Risk of infections/ reactions Transfusion may prove fatal (TRALI)
Slide 29-

If transfusion is must… Use appropriate blood component not just blood
Slide 30-

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