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Birth Control & Family Planning PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : This medical PPT titled "Birth Control & Family Planning" is about the contraceptives for males and females, and the effectiveness of different methods.

Tags : medical presentation, sexual health, medical ppt, contraceptive methods, contraception

Published on : Jun 20, 2022 | Views : 2641 | Downloads : 1

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Birth Control & Family Planning
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Controversial Questions Who should buy the Condom? Who should buy birth control? If you went to a store and you saw an adult family friend would you would still buy the condoms their. Schools should provide birth control for students.
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Controversial Questions Continued Who’s job is it to tell the females parents that she is pregnant? If a female is on birth control she wants to have sex. If you get pregnant who’s job is it financially support the family?
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Dynamic Warm-up Please take out your folders and a piece of paper. Please pick up the health text books on my desk and copy down all types of contraceptives on page 163. Objective: Students will begin to learn about different methods of contraceptives and their effectiveness.
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OBJECTIVE Identify contraceptives for males and females. Identify the advantages, disadvantages and effectiveness for each method. Recognize manufacturer versus user failure rates for each method.
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Birth Control Methods Condoms (male and female) Spermicidal Foam or Jelly Vaginal Contraceptive Film Birth Control Pills Orthro-Evra® Patch Nuva Ring® Depo-Provera® Information IUD (Intrauterine Device) Emergency Contraception –Plan B
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Birth Control Pills Pills can be taken to prevent pregnancy Pills are safe and effective when taken properly Pills are over 99% effective Women must have a pap smear to get a prescription for birth control pills
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How does the pill work? Stops ovulation Thins uterine lining Thickens cervical mucus
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Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills Prevents pregnancy Eases menstrual cramps Shortens period Regulates period Decreases incidence of ovarian cysts Prevents ovarian and uterine cancer Decreases acne
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Side-effects Breast tenderness Nausea Increase in headaches Moodiness Weight change Spotting
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Taking the Pill Once a day at the same time everyday Use condoms for first month Use condoms when on antibiotics Use condoms for 1 week if you miss a pill or take one late The pill offers no protection from STD’s
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Depo-Provera Birth control shot given once every three months to prevent pregnancy 99.7% effective preventing pregnancy No daily pills to remember
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How does the shot work? Stops ovulation Stops menstrual cycles!! Thickens cervical mucus
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SIDE EFFECTS Extremely irregular menstrual bleeding and spotting for 3-6 months! NO PERIOD  after 3-6 months Weight change Breast tenderness Mood change *NOT EVERY WOMAN HAS SIDE-EFFECTS!
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NuvaRing Flexible contraceptive vaginal ring that contains the hormones estrogen and progesterone. The ring releases a continuous low dose of hormones that stops the ovaries from releasing an egg each month.
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NuvaRing Insert the ring in the vagina and leave it there for three weeks Remove the ring for one-week ring-free period, on the same day of the week at about the same time. During the one-week break, you will usually have your menstrual period.
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Side effects Possible side effects are the same as birth control pills. They may include breast tenderness, headache, nausea, and spotting. Most side effects are not serious and often go away. Women who use hormonal contraception should not smoke
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Ortho Evra (The Patch) Transdermal contraceptive patch that contains estrogen and progesterone The patch is thin, beige, flexible , two inch square that is worn on the body. The increased hormone level caused by the patch stops the ovaries from releasing an egg each month
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How it works 99% effective Apply patch one week on the same day each week for three weeks Can wear it on bottom, abdomen, torso, or on the outside of your upper arm During week four do not wear the patch(your period will begin)
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Side effects Breast tenderness Headache Skin irritation Nausea Increases blood clot
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IUD (INTRAUTERINE DEVICE) A T-SHAPED DEVISE THAT IS INSERTED INTO THE UTERUS CAN REMAIN IN FOR 10 YEARS OF PROTECTION MUST BE INSERTED BY A DOCTOR
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IUD CONTINUED… KEEPS SPERM FROM JOINING EGG PREVENTS THE FERTILIZED EGG FROM IMPLANTING INTO THE UTERUS
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IUD CONTINUED… UNLESS A WOMEN HAS HAD A CHILD, SHE MAY HAVE THE INABILITY FOR HER UTERUS TO HOLD THE IUD IN PLACE NO PROTECTION AGAINST STD’S 99.9 % EFFECTIVE AGAINST PREGNANCY
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PATCH (ORTHO ERVA) SKIN PATCH WORN ON THE LOWER ABDOMEN, BUTTOCKS, UPPER ARM RELEASES HORMONES INTO THE BLOODSTREAM
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PATCH (ORTHO ERVA) CONTINUED.. RISK FACTORS: NAUSEA CHANGES IN MENTRUATION MOOD SWINGS WEIGHT GAIN HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE A NEW PATCH IS APPLIED ONCE A WEEK FOR 3 WEEKS. WEEK 4 NONE WORN, MENSTRUATION OCCURS A PRESCRIPTION IS NEEDED NO PROTECTION FROM STD’S 99.9 % EFFECTIVE
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BARRIER METHOD Prevents pregnancy blocks the egg and sperm from meeting Barrier methods have higher failure rates than hormonal methods due to design and human error
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MALE CONDOM Perfect effectiveness rate = 97% Typical effectiveness rate = 88% Latex and polyurethane condoms are available Combining condoms with spermicides raises effectiveness levels to 99%
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MALE CONDOM Thin membrane made of latex, polyurethane or sheepskin that fits over the erect penis to catch semen when the male ejaculates. Condoms protect against some STI’s and unwanted pregnancy. Have a reservoir tip to collect semen at ejaculation
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How to Use a Male Condom Check package for expiration date Open package carefully (not with teeth!) Use a water based lubricate if needed Put condom on before you begin to have sexual intercourse-before penis touches other person Place the unrolled condom on the head of the erect penis. With one hand squeeze the air out of the tip of the condom, and with the other hand unroll the condom to the base of the penis After ejaculation, before the penis becomes limp, withdrawal the penis holding the rim of the condom to the base of the penis Dispose of used condom in trash, not toilet!
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FEMALE CONDOM Made as an alternative to male condoms Polyurethane Physically inserted in the vagina Perfect rate = 95% Typical rate = 79% Woman can use female condom if partner refuses Female Condom
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DIAPHRAGM & CERVICAL CAP A DOMED SHAPE RUBBER DISK WITH A FLEXIBLE RIM THAT COVERS THE CERVIX SO SPERM CAN NOT REACH THE UTERUS USED WITH SPERMICIDE
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DIAPHRAGM & CERVICAL CAP CONTINUED… 17 OUT OF 100 WILL GET PREGNANT 83% EFFECTIVE NO PROTECTION TO STDS
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DIAPHRAGM & CERVICAL CAP CONTINUED… RISK FACTORS: IRRITATION ALLERGIC URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS RISK OF TSS AFTER BIRTH HARD TO FIT DUE TO STRETCHING OF THE UTERUS & CERVIX INSERTED BEFORE INTERCOURSE 6 HOURS CAN BE LEFT IN UP TO 24 HOURS USE ADDITIONAL SPERMICIDE PRESCRIPTION & SIZED BY A DOCTOR
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SPONGE A DISK SHAPED SPONGE TEXTURE CONTAINING THE SPERMICIDE NONOXYOL-9
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SPONGE CONTINUED… RISK FACTORS: IRRITATION ALLERGIC REACTION DIFFICULTY REMOVING RISK OF TSS MAY BE DIFFICULT TO INSERT 14-28 OUT OF 100 WILL GET PREGNANT NO PRESCRIPTION 86-72 % EFFECTIVE NO PROTECTION FROM STD’S
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What You Need to Know About Nonoxynol-9 N-9 is the active ingredient in all of the over-the-counter (OTC) spermicidal products available in the U.S. and has been used for pregnancy prevention since the 1950s. An Advisory Review Panel of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has deemed N-9 a safe and effective contraceptive.
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Spermicides: Contraceptive foam, gels, suppositories, and film contain chemicals that kill sperm. They are inserted into the vagina before intercourse and should be used with a condom. 75%-80% effective if used alone 98% effective if used with condom
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Spermicides-Side Effects Allergic reaction Burning or irritation
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N-9 N-9 is the active ingredient in all OTC spermicidal products in the U.S. N-9 is a chemical detergent that damages sperm cell membranes, killing the cells. N-9 is marketed and sold as a spermicidal contraceptive product in several different formulations, including: - Suppositories - Foam - Film - Gel - Cream
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N-9 USE Diaphragms and cervical caps are FDA approved for use in conjunction with spermicidal gels and creams. Also, some condoms include a spermicidal lubricant.
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N-9 USE RECOMMENDATIONS FROM WHO & CDC N-9 can be used as a contraceptive, alone or in combination with a cervical barrier method, and among women at low risk of HIV/STI infection (Use the product no more than once daily.) N-9 should not be used for the purpose of HIV/STI prevention. N-9 should not be used for contraception by women at high risk of HIV infection.
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N-9 USE RECOMMENDATIONS FROM WHO & CDC Condoms with N-9 should not be promoted for disease prevention. (However, it is better to use N-9-lubricated condoms than no condoms at all.) N-9 should not be used rectally.
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Emergency contraception pills can reduce the chance of a pregnancy by 89% if taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex! Emergency Contraception
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What is it? Emergency contraception (EC) is a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. It can be started up to five days (120 hours) after unprotected intercourse.
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How does it work? The hormones in the morning after pill work by keeping a woman's ovaries from releasing eggs — ovulation. Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no egg to join with sperm. The hormones in the morning after pill also prevent pregnancy by thickening a woman's cervical mucus. The mucus blocks sperm and keeps it from joining with an egg.
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How do I take it? Taken within a 72 hour period it is 89% effective If taken after 72 hours it is 75% effective Can be taken up to 5 days after intercourse but is more effective if taken Plan B can be taken in one dose or two doses. If you take it in two doses, take the second pill 12 hours after the first pill. Or simply take them both at the same time. It's your choice. When you take birth control pills as emergency contraception, you must take the pills in two doses, 12 hours apart. The number of pills in each dose depends on the brand of the pill. You must use the same brand of pill for each dose.
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When should I use it? The condom broke or slipped off, and he ejaculated in your vagina. You forgot to take your birth control pills, insert your ring, or apply your patch. Your diaphragm or cap slipped out of place, and he ejaculated inside your vagina. You miscalculated your "safe" days. He didn't pull out in time. You weren't using any birth control. You were forced to have unprotected vaginal sex, or were raped.
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Emergency Contraception (ECP) Plan B is available from drugstores and health centers without a prescription for women and men 17 and older. If you are interested in getting Plan B and are 17 or older, you can either get it directly from a Planned Parenthood health center or from your local drugstore. If you are younger than 17, you'll need to go to a health center or private health care provider for a prescription.
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Emergency Contraception Morning After Pills 1. Preven ($50.00 - $70.00) 2. Plan B ($49.99 or Sliding Scale Cost) OTC/72 hours 3. Levonorgestrel ($39.99) Script/72 hours 4. Ulipristal Acetate (UPA or ELLA) Script/120 hours
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WITHDRAWAL Removal of penis from the vagina before ejaculation occurs NOT a sufficient method of birth control by itself Effectiveness rate is 80% is not recommended for teens and sexually inexperienced men because it takes lots of experience before a man can be sure to know when he's going to ejaculate Very difficult for a male to ‘control’
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How effective is it? Of every 100 women whose partners use withdrawal, 4 will become pregnant each year if they always do it correctly. Of every 100 women whose partners use withdrawal, 27 will become pregnant each year if they don't always do it correctly. Pregnancy is also possible if semen or pre-ejaculate is spilled on the vulva.
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Outercourse ADVANTAGES no medical or hormonal side effects may prolong sex play and enhance orgasm can be used when no other methods are available
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Outercourse POSSIBLE DISADVANTAGES many people find it difficult to abstain from vaginal intercourse many people fail to use protection from pregnancy or infections if intercourse takes place
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Douche French term for soak or wash Douche Bag Douche Can
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STERILIZATION ADVANTAGES permanent protection against pregnancy no lasting side effects no effect on sexual pleasure protects women whose health would be seriously threatened by pregnancy POSSIBLE DISADVANTAGES risks of minor surgery if incision is made some people later regret not being able to have children not usually reversible if you change your mind rarely, tubes reopen, allowing pregnancy to occur
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STERILIZATION Tubal sterilization — intended to permanently block woman's tubes where sperm join egg Vasectomy — intended to permanently block man's tubes that carry sperm 99.5-99.9% EFFECTIVENot effective against sexually transmitted infections — use latex or female condoms to reduce the risk.
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STERILIZATION Tubal sterilization bruising if incision is made very rare injury to blood vessels or bowel pregnancies that rarely occur are more likely to be ectopic (in a fallopian tube) Vasectomy infection or blood clot in or near the testicles temporary bruises, swelling, or tenderness of the scrotum sperm leakage may form temporary small lumps near testicles
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STERILIZATION COST$2,000-$6,000/ tubal sterilization240-$520/ vasectomy(Vasectomy costs less because it is a simpler procedure that can be done in the clinician’s office.)
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Natural Family Planning & Fertility Awareness Method Women take a class on the menstrual cycle to calculate more fertile times Requires special equipment and cannot be self-taught NFP abstains from sex during the calculated fertile time FAM uses barrier methods during fertile time Perfect effectiveness rate = 91% Typical effectiveness rate = 75% No 100% safe day-irregular periods
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Pro Choice or Pro Life Where do you stand? How significant is your agreement/position with the philosophy chosen in number one? - 40 (pro-choice) ---- (pro-life) + 40
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Key Strongly Agree Agree Mixed Feelings Disagree Strongly Disagree
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Roe v. Wade In the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a woman, in consultation with her physician, has a constitutional right to choose abortion in the early stages of pregnancy-that is, before viability. (24 weeks)
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Abortion Control Act In 1982, Pennsylvania passed the Abortion Control Act. This Act required women to give: 1. Informed consent before abortions could be performed. 2. Imposed a 24-hour waiting period upon women seeking abortions, during which time the women would be provided with information regarding abortions.
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Abortion Control Act 3. The act also provided that minors seeking abortions first obtain informed consent from their parents, except in cases of "hardship," in which a court could waive this requirement. 4. Except in "medical emergencies," a wife seeking an abortion must inform her husband of her plans prior to the procedure.
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Abortion Control Act 5. Finally, the act required that all Pennsylvania abortion clinics report themselves to the state.
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Planned Parenthood v. Casey In 1992, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania filed a lawsuit against the state, arguing that the Abortion Control Act violated the Supreme Court's ruling in Roe v. Wade. The Court upheld Roe v. Wade and a woman’s basic right to abortion.
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New Jersey Law No parental involvement/notification required for girls 12 years and older. No waiting period
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Medical Abortion Abortion Pill 63 days or 9 weeks (Trimester #1) 97 % effective In the case that the medical abortion does not work a aspiration abortion / in-clinic abortion is required Medical Abortion Cost: $300.00-$800.00
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Medical Abortion: Step 1 RU-486 name under development Mifepristone (1st pill) will be taken at a clinic as well as other antibiotics Inhibits progesterone, which breaks down the uterine lining
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Medical Abortion: Step 2 Misoprostol (2nd by mouth or vaginal suppository) Promotes uterine contractions Will cause you to have cramps and bleed heavy May see large blood clots or tissue at the time of the abortion
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Step 2 - Continued Most women abort within 4-5 hours, but some take up to a few days. Bleeding or spotting may continue for up to four weeks after taking the Misoprostol.
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Step 3 You must have a follow up visit within two weeks. This is to make sure that the abortion is complete and you are well. An ultrasound will be completed at this time. If you are still pregnant you may require an aspiration abortion or in-clinic abortion .
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In-Clinic Abortions Cost: $300-$950.00 Most common: Vacuum aspiration and D&E (dilation and evacuation) Up to 16 weeks
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Aspiration Abortion Uterine exam Pain medication Speculum inserted into the vagina Numbing medication for the cervix Cervix stretched with dilators – series of increasingly thick rods Tube inserted into uterus Suction device empties uterus
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Aspiration Abortion At times a curette is used to remove any remaining tissue that lines the uterus Time required: 5-10 minutes
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D&E Dilation and Evacuation Same as an aspiration abortion, however depending on trimester you may require a shot through your abdomen to be sure that there is fetal demise before the procedure begins. Time requirement: 10-20 minutes
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EXCELLENT REFERENCE SEE: www.plannedparenthood.org
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You tube Review
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Ancient Birth Control MethodsBeaver-Testicle Tea
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Dances, Amulets, Rituals & Myths Squatting or kneeling to provoke sneezing Jumping backwards seven times Leather pouch containing a cat’s liver on the left foot Spitting in a frogs mouth three times Inserting a finger into the vagina and “swishing it around” after intercourse
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Dances, Amulets, Rituals & Myths Soranus - Ancient Greek Doctor of Gynecology Determined that women were fertile during ovulation and promoted the rhythm method. Unfortunately, he assumed that ovulation occurred during menstruation.
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Spermicides, IUDs, Pessaries, & Douches Dried cow, elephant, & crocodile dung mixed with honey Ground dates, acacia tree bark, & honey blended into a paste Dried fish or cotton soaked with lemon Half lemons with the juice squeezed out Glass or metal diaphragms
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Spermicides, IUDs, Pessaries, & Douches IUDs originated in the Middle East. Pebbles would placed in the uteruses of camels 1920 – German gynecologist Ernest Grafenberg developed the first IUD for humans, which was made from silkworm gut and coiled wire. Seaweed, leaves, wooden blocks, and apricot pits were also used to block the cervix Vinegar injected into the vagina
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