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Biomechanics of the Spine and Hip PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Spine

Tags : Phani,Spine,Hyperext,Spinal Deviations,Lordosis,Kyphosis,Scoliosis

Published on : Jul 27, 2023 | Views : 1312 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

Biomechanics of the Spine & Hip Movements of Spine Flexion, Rotation, Extension, Abd, Add. Hip Movements Elevation, Anterior & Posterior Tilt, Flexion, Extension, Abd, Add, Hyperext, Hyperflex
Slide 2-

Spinal Deviations Lordosis Kyphosis Scoliosis
Slide 3-

Forces Acting On The Spine Forces Acting On The Spine Include: Body Weight Tension In The Spinal Ligaments Tension In The Surrounding Muscles Intraabdominal Pressure The Major Form Of Loading On The Spine Is: Axial
Slide 4-

Upright Position Spinal Compression Resulting From: Body Weight + Weight Held by Arms and Hands When Standing Upright Total Body Center of Gravity Is Anterior to the Spinal Column. Spine Is Placed Under Constant Forward Bending Moment.
Slide 5-

Torque Defined: The Rotary Effect of a Force About An Axis of Rotation, Measured as the Producer of the Force and the Perpendicular Distance Between the Force’s Line of Action And The Axis To Maintain An Upright Position Torque Is Counteracted by Tension in the Back Extensor Muscles.
Slide 6-

Spinal Muscles Role In Lifting Spinal Muscles Have Small Moment Arms With Respect To the Vertebral Joints. Have To Generate Large Forces To Counteract the Torque Produced About the Spine by Body Weight and Objects Being Lifted. Erector Spinae Muscles
Slide 7-

Why Lift With The Legs? Back Muscles, With a Moment Arm of Approximately 6 cm, Must Counter The Torque Produced by the Weights of the Body Plus Any External Loads.
Slide 8-

Question: How Much Torque Is Developed By The Erector Spinae Muscles With a Fm 6 cm? 1 lb. = 4.448 Newtons Segment Weight Moment Arm Head 13 lbs. (58N) 25 cm Trunk 73.75 lbs. (328N) 10 cm Arms 18.2 lbs. (81N) 20 cm Box 24.95 lbs. (111N) 40 cm Torque at L5-S1= (328N)(10cm) + (81N)(20cm) + (58N)(25cm) + (111N)(40cm) = ? 10,790 Ncm Force? 0 = (Fm)(6cm) - 10,790 In static position, sum of the torques acting at any point is zero. Fm = 1798.33 N or (404.30 lbs.)
Slide 9-

Problem for a 135 lb. Person How much force must be developed by the erector spinae with a moment arm of 6 cm. From the L5-S1 joint center to maintain the body in a lifting position with segment moment arms as Specified? Segment Weight Moment Arm Head 50 N 22 cm. Trunk 280 N 12 cm. Arms 65 N 25 cm. Box Lifted 100 N 42 cm. Torque ? 10,285 Ncm Fm = 1714 N or (393 lbs. Force)
Slide 10-

What Does The Research Show? % Load Compression On L3 During the Upright Standing, Lying Down, and Sitting. Compression Increases More with Spinal Flexion, and Increases Still Further with a Slouched Sitting Position.
Slide 11-

Common Injuries Of The Back Low Back Pain Soft Tissue Injuries Acute Fractures Stress Fractures Disc Hernia ions Whiplash Injuries
Slide 12-

Low Back Pain 75%-80% of Americans Experience Low Back Pain Sometime During Life. Second Only to the Common Cold In Causing Absence In The Workplace. Mechanical Stress & Psychosocial.
Slide 13-

BACK, SPINAL COLLUMN, NECK VERTEBRAL COLLUMN RIBS & STERNUM
Slide 14-

SPINAL COLLUMN 7 CERVICAL VERTEBRAE 12 THORACIC 5 LUMBAR 1 SACRUM - FUSED 1 COXCYC - 2 FUSED
Slide 15-

JOINTS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLLUMN VERTEBRAL JOINTS GLIDING JOINTS - SLIGHTLY MOVABLE SEPARATED BY INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS
Slide 16-

THORACIC COMPLEX - RIBS 12 SETS OF RIBS ARTICULATE WITH THE THORACIC VERTEBRAE AND STERNUM 7 PAIRS OF TRUE RIBS - ATTACH DIRECTLY TO STERNUM 5 PAIRS OF FALSE RIBS 2 PAIRS OF FLOATING RIBS 3 PAIRS ATTACH TO STERNUM VIA COSTOCHONDRAL CARTLILAGE
Slide 17-

STERNUM MANUBRIUM BODY XIPHOID PROCESS
Slide 18-

MUSCLES OF THE BACK, NECK & ABDOMEN DEEP POSTERIORS ABDOMINALS VERTEBRALS SUPERFICIAL NECK MUSCLES
Slide 19-

DEEP POSTERIORS MOVEMENT - ROTATION, EXTENSION OF SPINAL COLLUMN
Slide 20-

ABDOMINALS TRANSVERSE ABDOMINUS - DEPRESSION OF ABDOMEN RECTUS ABDOMINUS - SPINAL FEXION INTERNAL / EXTERNAL OBLIQUES - ROTATION, LATERAL FLEXION (ABDUCTION - ADDUCTION)
Slide 21-

MUSCLES OF THE THORAX DIAPHRAM INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
Slide 22-

INJURIES TO LOWER SPINE, PELVIS, HIP - CAUSES DISK DEGENERATION - Herniation or General Degeneration JOINT DISFUNCTION - Primarily @ Sacroiliac Usual Cause - Lack of Normal Movement - Often Disputed STRETCHED OR STRAINED LIGAMENTS - ie: Supraspinous Ligaments LACK OF STRENGTH Hamstrings, Erector Spinae, Abdominals, Hip Flexors
Slide 23-

PREVENTION OF INJURIES TO BACK POSTURE - STANDING HYPERLORDOSIS KYPHOSIS POSTURE - SITTING CAUSING PAIN TO LUMBO/SACRAL AREA
Slide 24-

PROPER SITTING TECHNIQUE - Should Not Be Done Over Long Periods Of Time HIPS SHOULD BE FLEXED LEGS SHOULD NOT BE EXTENDED BACK SHOULD NOT BE OVERLY ARCHED
Slide 25-

LIFTING WITH PROPER TECHNIQUE BACK KEPT ERECT KNEES BENT WEIGHT CLOSE TO BODY
Slide 26-

STRENGTHENING EXERCISES MANY BACK PROBLEMS ARE CAUSED BY WEAK MUSCLES ABOUT THE HIP AND ABDOMINALS WEAK MUSCLES PREDISPOSE BACK TO HYPERLORDOSIS INCORRECT SIT-UPS MAY CAUSE HYPERLORDOSIS - CAUSED BY SHORTENED ILIOPSOAS STRETCHING - HAMSTRINGS - ILIOPSOAS - QUADRICEPS
Slide 27-

LUMBAR SPINE EVALUATIONS STANDING EVALUATION FLEX FORWARD - PALPATING SPINOUS PROCESSES & TRANVERSE PROCESSES SITTING ALIGNMENT PATELLULAR REFLEX - LUMBAR 4 INVOLVEMENT ACHILLES REFLEX - SACRAL 1 INVOLVEMENT
Slide 28-

LYING ON BACK TEST ABDOMINALS - RECTUS ABDOMINUS , ILIOPSOAS (HIP FLEXORS) (STATIC W/ STABILIZED THIGHS - HIP FLEX AT 45 DEGREES STRAIGHT LEG RAISE PAIN WHEN TESTING UNAFFECTED SIDE - POSSIBLE HERNIATED DISK PAIN WHEN TESTING AFFECTED SIDE - POSSIBLE SCIATIC NERVE STRETCHED
Slide 29-

LYING ON BACK (CONTINUED) BOWSTRING SIGN TO TEST FOR SCIATIC NERVE - USE PRESSURE TO POPLITEAL (BACK OF KNEE) GAINSLENS SIGN TO TEST SACRO-ILIAC LESSIONS (SWITCHBLADE LEGS WHILE ON SIDE)
Slide 30-

OTHER PROBLEMS OCCURING WITH THE SPINE SOFT TISSUE TRAUMA - CONTUSIONS NERVE INFLAMATION OR COMPRESSIONS - FROM DISK PROTRUSIONS FRACTURES TO THE SPINOUS OR TRANSVERSE PROCESSES SPONDYLOLYSIS (FRACTURE TO INTERARTICULAR PROCESS SPONDYLOLISTHESIS (FORWARD SLIPPAGE OF THE VERTEBRA
Slide 31-

OTHER PROBLEMS OCCURING WITH THE SPINE (CONTINUED) GROIN STRAINS HIP POINTE.RS HIP DISLOCATIONS
Slide 32-

REHABILITATION OF BACK AND HIP INJURY ICE MESSAGE MOVEMENT TO REGAIN FLEXIBILITY & RANGE STRENGTHENING EXERCISES SIT UPS & CRUNCHES (WORK OBLIQUES AS WELL) PELVIC TILTS - (FLATTENING OF BACK AGAINST FLOOR) HIP LIFTS - (FROM LYING ON BACK POSITION) BACK EXTENTIONS - TO 90 DEGREES PSOAS & HAMSTRING STRETCH - (KNEES TO CHEST)