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Alzheimers and Other Dementias - The Basics PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Neurology, which is titled "Alzheimer’s & Other Dementias – The Basics", to know the basics of Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias.

Tags : Neurology, Alzheimer’s, Dementias

Published on : Aug 18, 2021 | Views : 1765 | Downloads : 2

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Learning Objectives Define cognitive health Define and differentiate between dementia and Alzheimer’s List at least 5 common symptoms of Alzheimer’s Describe the changes that occur during the course of Alzheimer’s Identify at least 3 risk factors associated with Alzheimer’s Describe the role of caregivers 2
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COMPETENCIes Association for Gerontology in Higher Education (AGHE): 1.2.1 Distinguish normal biological aging changes from pathology including genetic factors. 1.3.3 Demonstrate knowledge of signs, symptoms, and impact of common cognitive and mental health problems in late life (e.g., dementia, depression, grief, anxiety). 1.2.4 Recognize common late-life syndromes and diseases and their related bio-psycho-social risk and protective factors. Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH): Domain 1: Describe risk factors and modes of transmission for infectious and chronic diseases and how these diseases affect both personal and population health. 3
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COMPETENCIes Cont. National Association of Chronic Disease Directors (NACDD): Domain 7: Discuss the underlying causes and management of chronic diseases, including behavioral, medical, genetic, environmental and social factors. Domain 7: Articulate key chronic disease issues. Domain 7: Describe socioeconomic and behavioral determinants of health disparities. National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc. (NCHEC): 7.1.1 Identify current and emerging issues that may influence health and health education 4
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Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Difficulty with cognitive processes Not severe enough to interfere with daily life Increased risk of Alzheimer’s or dementia May be caused by external factors (vitamin B12 deficiency, depression) 4 Alzheimer’s Association. (2012) Mild Cognitive Impairment. 5 National Institute on Aging, About Alzheimer’s Disease: Mild Cognitive Impairment. Accessed June 10, 2015 from website: https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/topics/mild-cognitive-impairment. 8
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Dementia Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias – The Basics 10
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Dementia Decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life Not a specific disease Not normal aging Caused by damage to brain cells from disease or trauma Many dementias are progressive 7 Alzheimer’s Association. What is Dementia? Accessed June 8, 2015 from website: http://www.alz.org/what-is-dementia.asp#causes 11
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Vascular Dementia 2nd most common cause of dementia 20% - 30% of cases Caused by conditions that block or reduce blood flow to the brain Symptoms may occur suddenly following strokes or slowly as a result of cumulative damage 9 Alzheimer’s Association. (2015) Vascular Dementia. 13
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Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias – The Basics 14
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Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes Precise changes in brain largely unknown Probably develops as a result of complex interactions among: Age Genetics Environment Lifestyle Coexisting medical conditions 13 Alzheimer’s Association. Risk Factors. Accessed June 8, 2015 from website: http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_causes_risk_factors.asp 18
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10 Warning Signs of Alzheimer’s Memory loss that disrupts daily life Challenges in planning or solving problems Difficulty completing familiar tasks Confusion with time or place Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships 15 Alzheimer’s Association. (2009) Know the 10 Signs. 21
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10 Warning Signs of Alzheimer’s (continued) New problems with words in speaking or writing Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps Decreased or poor judgment Withdrawal from work or social activities Changes in mood and personality 16 Alzheimer’s Association. (2009) Know the 10 Signs. 22
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Mild Alzheimer’s (Early-Stage) Able to function independently Common difficulties: Forgetting familiar words Losing everyday objects Trouble remembering names Greater difficulty performing tasks Forgetting material just read Increasing trouble with planning, organizing 18 Alzheimer’s Association. Stages of Alzheimer’s. Accessed June 8, 2015 from website: http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_stages_of_alzheimers.asp 24
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Moderate Alzheimer’s (Middle-Stage) Requires increasing care Symptoms include: Forgetfulness of personal history Confusion about place or time Need for help with bathing, toileting, dressing Changes in sleep patterns Increased risk of wandering Personality and behavioral changes 19 Alzheimer’s Association. Stages of Alzheimer’s. Accessed June 8, 2015 from website: http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_stages_of_alzheimers.asp 25
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Risk factors Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias – The Basics 27
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Modifiable Risk Factors: Lifestyle Increases risk Current smoking Midlife obesity Decreases risk Physical activity Heart-healthy diets: DASH, Mediterranean diet Mental and social activity 28 Alzheimer’s Association. (2014) Alzheimer’s and Public Health Spotlight: Heart Health and Brain Health. 29 Alzheimer’s Association. Prevention and Risk of Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Accessed July 16, 2015 from website: http://www.alz.org/research/science/alzheimers_prevention_and_risk.asp 33
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Treatment & Management Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias – The Basics 35
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Unique Aspects Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias – The Basics 39
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Alzheimer’s: Unique Aspects Financial hardship May lose income and savings Increased reliance on public programs Stigma Vulnerability to abuse 34 Alzheimer’s Association. Abuse. Accessed July 16, 2015 from website: https://www.alz.org/care/alzheimers-dementia-elder-abuse.asp 40
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Caregivers Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias – The Basics 41
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Conclusion: Key Points Disease likely develops as result of multiple factors Symptoms worsen over time; average lifespan 4-8 years (up to 20) Risk factors include: age, family history, head trauma, education, lifestyle, cardiovascular conditions African-Americans, Hispanics, women more likely to develop 44
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