Download Free Medical Cerebral Hemisphere-Sulci And Gyri And Functional Areas PowerPoint Presentation

Cerebral Hemisphere-Sulci And Gyri And Functional Areas PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Cerebral Hemisphere- Sulci and Gyri, and Functional Areas” by Dr Mukesh Singla.

This medical PowerPoint presentation tells how the human brain is divided into two hemispheres-the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere has a distinct anatomy with a series of folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci) on its surface.

The sulci and gyri of the cerebral hemispheres are important landmarks that help neuroscientists and clinicians identify different functional regions of the brain.

Tags : Cerebral Hemisphere, Sulci, Gyri, human brain, the left cerebral hemisphere, the right cerebral hemisphere, Neurology, Neurology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 07, 2023 | Views : 942 | Downloads : 1

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Cerebral Hemisphere- Sulci and Gyri, and Functional Areas Dr Mukesh Singla Department Of Anatomy AIIMS, Rishikesh
Slide 2-

Learning Objectives A Different lobes and surfaces of Cerebral hemisphere B. Blood supply of different regions of cerebral hemisphere C Important sulci and gyri D Different functional areas located in cerebral hemisphere E. Lesions and its effects
Slide 3-

ppt slide no 3 content not found
Slide 4-

Cerebrum  Largest part of the brain Heavily convoluted bilobed structure 2
Slide 5-

ppt slide no 5 content not found
Slide 6-

Cerebral hemispheres General Appearance: Separated by a deep midline sagittal fissure – longitudinal cerebral fissure In the depth of the fissure, the corpus callosum connects the hemispheres across the midline Gyri – the folds of the surface of hemispheres Sulci – the fissures separate the gyri 4
Slide 7-

Surfaces of Cerebral Hemisphere  Three surfaces: Superolateral surface Inferior surface Medial surface 5
Slide 8-

ppt slide no 8 content not found
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

ppt slide no 10 content not found
Slide 11-

ppt slide no 11 content not found
Slide 12-

Borders 1 Superomedial border 2 Superciliary border and inferolateral border (Shows preoccipital notch) 3. Medial orbital border, hippocampal border or inferomedial border and medial occipital border
Slide 13-

Lobes of Cerebral Hemispheres  Cerebral hemispheres are divided into lobes by the central, parieto-occipital, lateral and calcarine sulci  Lobes are named according to the cranial bones under which they lie  Lobes are: Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital 6
Slide 14-

8
Slide 15-

Cerebral hemisphere the essential features can be summarized by stating that:- the frontal lobe lies in front of the central sulcus (1) and above the lateral sulcus (2) . the parietal lobe is behind the central sulcus and above the lateral sulcus. the temporal lobe is below the lateral sulcus the occipital lobe lies below and behind the parieto-occipital sulcus (3) . 1 2 3 F T P O
Slide 16-

Main sulci Central sulcus Lateral sulcus Parito-occipital sulcus Calcarine sulcus Cingulate sulcus Callsosal sulcus ( Sulcus of corpus callosum ) Orbital sulcus Parahippocampal sulcus Collateral sulcus 10. Occipiti-temporal sulcus First (6) can be seen in sagittal sections Last 4 seen only in axial sections 1 2 3 5 6 4
Slide 17-

Main sulci Central sulcus Lateral sulcus Parito-occipital sulcus Calcarine sulcus Cingulate sulcus Callsosal sulcus ( Sulcus of corpus callosum ) Orbital sulcus Parahippocampal sulcus Collateral sulcus 10. Occipiti-temporal sulcus 7 8 10 9
Slide 18-

1. Central sulcus 4. Calcarine sulcus 2. Lateral sulcus 3. Parito-occipital sulcus 5. Cingulate sulcus 6. Callsosal sulcus ( Sulcus of corpus callosum ) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Slide 19-

1. Orbital sulcus ( NOT SHOWN / Above the orbit !! ) Parahippocampal sulcus Collateral sulcus Occipiti-temporal sulcus 2 3 4
Slide 20-

Main gyri (superior, middle r) & Temporal inferior) Callosal Medial frontal Paracentral lobule Precuneus Cuneus Lingual gyrus Orbital gyri Gyrus rectus Parahippocampal Occipitotemporal (medial & lateral) Uncus 1 2 8 6 5 5 7 9 10 11
Slide 21-

Main gyri (superior, Precentral Postcentral Frontal (superior, midd Parietal (superior & inf Temporal inferior) Callosal Medial frontal Paracentral lobule Precuneus le & inferior) erior) 5- middle & ial & lateral) Cuneus Lingual gyrus Orbital gyri Gyrus rectus Parahippocampal Occipitotemporal (med Uncus 12 13 14 15 15 16
Slide 22-

1. Rectus gyrus 2. Uncus ( parahippocampus gyrus ) 3. Hippocampal gyrus 1 2 3
Slide 23-

Main sulci  Central sulcus Indents the superior medial border of the hemisphere, 1 cm behind the mid-point It runs downward, forward and toward the lateral sulcus across the lateral aspect of the hemisphere The central sulcus is the only sulcus that indents the superior medial border 9
Slide 24-

- Main sulci (Cont’d)  Lateral sulcus Deep cleft on the inferior and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere It consists of a short stem and three rami- Anterior horizontal , anterior ascending and posterior 10
Slide 25-

Main sulci (Cont’d)  Parieto-occipital sulcus: Begins on the superior medial border of the hemisphere, about 5 cm anterior to the occipital pole It passes downward and anteriorly on the medial surface to meet the calcarine sulcus 11
Slide 26-

Main sulci (Cont’d) Calcarine Sulcus- Medial surface
Slide 27-

ppt slide no 27 content not found
Slide 28-

Insula/Island Of Reil of the cerebral deep within the cortex lateral portion folded sulcus. Play a role in consciousness and emotions The cortical area overlying the insula toward the lateral surface of the brain is the operculum (meaning lid). The opercula are formed from parts of the enclosing frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Insulaa is surrounded by circular sulcus ( arrow !! )
Slide 29-

Superior surface of temporal operculum presents anterior and posterior transverse temporal gyri
Slide 30-

Other Sulci and Gyri
Slide 31-

Superolateral surface  Frontal lobe – anterior to central sulcus and superior to lateral sulcus  Superolateral surface of frontal lobe is divided by three sulci into four gyri Precentral sulcus and gyrus Superior and inferior frontal sulci Superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri Anterior and ascending rami of lateral sulcus divide inferior frontal gyrus into PARS ORBITALIS, PARS TRIANGULARIS PARS OPERCULARIS 12
Slide 32-

13
Slide 33-

Superolateral surface  Parietal lobe – POST CENTRAL SULCUS AND GYRUS INTRAPARIETAL SULCUS AND SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PARIETAL LOBULE  15 Lateral sulcus
Slide 34-

Superolateral surface PARIETAL LOBE-Few sulci extend into inferior parietal lobule and divided into SUPRAMARGINAL GYRUS AROUND LATERAL SULCUS ANGULAR GYRUS AROUND SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS ARCUS TEMPORO-OCCIPITALIS AROUND INFERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS
Slide 35-

Superolateral surface  Temporal lobe – inferior to lateral sulcus  Two sulci – SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR SULCUS Three gyri- SUPERIOR, MIDDLE AND INFERIOR TEMPORAL GYRI Superior surface of temporal operculum (Superior temporal gyrus)presents anterior and posterior transverse temporal gyri. Anterior gyrus forming primary auditory area, also called HESCHL’S GYRUS 14
Slide 36-

ppt slide no 36 content not found
Slide 37-

Superolateral surface Occipital lobe – small area behind the parieto-occipital sulcus LATERAL OCCIPITAL SULCUS LUNATE SULCUS TRANSVERSE OCCIPITAL SULCUS
Slide 38-

MEDIAL SURFACE CINGULATE SULCUS AND CINGULATE GYRUS CALLOSAL SULCUS PARACENTRAL LOBULE(CORTICAL CENTRE OF MICTURATION AND DEFECATION) AND MEDIAL FRONTAL GYRUS CALCARINE SULCUS AND PARIETO-OCCIPITAL SULCUS SUPRASPLENIAL SULCUS IN PRECUNEUS
Slide 39-

ppt slide no 39 content not found
Slide 40-

ppt slide no 40 content not found
Slide 41-

INFERIOR SURFACE ORBITAL SURFACE- OLFACTORY SULCUS, GYRUS RECTUS ORBITAL SULCUS AND ORBITAL GYRI TENTORIAL SURFACE- MEDIAL COLLATERAL SULCUS AND LATERAL OCCIPITO-TEMPORAL SULCUS LINGUAL GYRUS – BETWEEN COLLATERAL SULCUS AND CALCARINE SULCUS LINGUAL GYRUS ANTERIORLY CONTINUE WITH PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS WHOSE ANTERIOR END HOOK LIKE LIMITED BY RHINAL SULCUS- UNCUS MEDIAL AND LATERAL OCCIPITO- TEMPORAL GYRUS
Slide 42-

ppt slide no 42 content not found
Slide 43-

ppt slide no 43 content not found
Slide 44-

ppt slide no 44 content not found
Slide 45-

ppt slide no 45 content not found
Slide 46-

BLOOD SUPPLY- SUPEROLATERAL SURFACE MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY EXCEPT STRIP ALONG SUPEROMEDIAL BORDER FROM FRONTAL POLE TO PARIETO OCCIPITAL SULCUS BY ACA OCCIPITAL LOBE AND INFERIOF TEMPORAL GYRUS EXCLUDING TEMPORAL POLE BY PCA
Slide 47-

BLOOD SUPPLY- INFERIOR SURFACE ACA- MEDIAL PART OF ORBITAL SURFACE MCA-LATERAL PART OF ORBITAL SURFACE AND TEMPORAL POLE PCA- TENTORIAL SURFACE
Slide 48-

BROADMANS AREAS AND FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE
Slide 49-

Longitudinal Fissure Transverse Fissure Sylvian/Latera l Fissure http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1 http://www.dalbsoutss.eq.edu.au/Sheepbrains_Me/human_bra Specific Sulci/Fissures: Central Sulcus
Slide 50-

ppt slide no 50 content not found
Slide 51-

ppt slide no 51 content not found
Slide 52-

Frontal Lobe - Cortical Regions ols f e m  Primary Motor Cortex /Brodmann,s area 4  Precentral Gyrus – it cntr all voluntary movements o the contralateral side of th body  Site where movements of the various parts of the body are initiated  Recieves sensory input fro cerebellum and thalamus  The body is represented upside down along the precentral gyrus
Slide 53-

Primary Motor Cortex/ Precentral Gyrus Broca’s Area Orbitofrontal Cortex Olfactory Bulb Modified from: Regions Investigation (Phineas Gage)
Slide 54-

 secondary motor area/6,8,44 and 45  Precentral gyrus,sup,middle,inf frontal gyri  It programs the activity of the PMA  Stronger stimulation is required to produce the same degree of movement
Slide 55-

 Broca’s Area –44,45  Inf.frontal gyrus  Brings about the formation of words.  Located on Left Frontal Lobe  Broca’s Aphasia – Results in the ability to comprehend speech, but the decreased motor ability (or inability) to speak and form words
Slide 56-

Frontal eye field 8, Middle frontal gyrus Voluntary eye movements towards opposite side and the accomodation pathway also controls eyelid movements Prefrontal cortex9,10,11,12 Concerned with the makeup of the individual,s personality Head rotation area
Slide 57-

Parietal Lobe - Cortical Regions  Primary sensorymotor Cortex 1,2,3(Postcentral Gyrus) – Site involved with processing of tactile and proprioceptive information. Somatosensory Association Cortex -5,7 sup parietal assists with the integration and interpretation of sensations. Primary Gustatory Cortex 43 Inferior part of the post central gyrus– Primary site involved with the interpretation of the sensation of Taste.
Slide 58-

Primary Somatosensory Cortex/ Postcentral Gyrus Primary Gustatory Cortex Somatosensory Association Cortex Regions Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Slide 59-

Occipital Lobe – Cortical Regions  Primary Visual Cortex – This is the primary area of the brain responsible for Vision Visual Association Area – Interprets information acquired through the primary visual cortex.
Slide 60-

Primary Visual Cortex Visual Association Area Regions Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Slide 61-

Temporal Lobe – Cortical Regions  Primary Auditory Cortex –41,42 mostly hidden in the lateral sulcus  Responsible for hearing  Its anterior part recieves low freq sounds  Post part –high freq sounds  Sec. Auditory Cortex 22  Interpretation of sounds
Slide 62-

Temporal Lobe – Cortical Regions Primary Olfactory Cortex – sense of smell (Not visible on the superficial cortex) Wernicke’s Area superior and middle temporal gyri Understanding of speech - Wernicke’s Aphasia – Words and sentences are not clearly understood, and sentence formation may be inhibited.
Slide 63-

Primary Auditory Cortex Wernike’s Area Primary Olfactory Cortex (Deep) Conducted from Olfactory Bulb Regions Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Slide 64-

ppt slide no 64 content not found
Slide 65-

dominant hemisphere  95-left  Broca  90% right handed
Slide 66-

BLOOD SUPPLY  Anterior and middle cerebral artery (internal carotid artery)  Posterior cerebral artery (basilar artery)
Slide 67-

Physiological information about brain Left hemisphere is dominant in 90% of the right handed and 64% of the left handed Righ hemisphere is dominant in 10% of righ handed and 20% of left handed In the remaining handed both hemispheres 16% of left are dominant .. Speech areas in brain usually in the dominant hemisphere !! ( OF CLINICAL IMPORTANT ) Which hemisphere is dominant ?!
Slide 68-

Brodmann areas
Slide 69-

Motor areas of cortex 1- primary motor area :- MSI area ( precentral gyrus ) MSII area ( Anterior part of paracentral lobule ) 2- secondary motor area – Posterior parts of frontal gyri extending medially MSI MSII
Slide 70-

Primary motor area Broadmann area 4 The area Msl is where movements of the various parts of the body are initiated, Afferent :- receives its main inputs from the cerebellum and thalamus. Efferent :- the corticonuclear and corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts. MSII area receives many fibres from the basal nuclei and is concerned with postural mechanisms, but this area is not yet clearly understood. MSI MSII
Slide 71-

Motor homunculus the body is represented upside down along this cortex, although the face itself is represented the right way up. The face lies lowest, then the hand (a very large area), then arm, trunk and leg. The leg and perineum areas overlap the superior border and extend down on the medial surface of the hemisphere Blood supply :- 1- middle cerebral artery 2- anterior cerebral a. ( leg area )
Slide 72-

Primary motor area Lesions to this area produce contralateral paralysis !! Organs that supplied bilaterally are the less affected … CNs are supplied bilaterally ?!!
Slide 73-

Secondary motor area Or supplementary motor area Broadmann are 6 Location :- Posterior parts of frontal gyri extending medially The function of the secondary motor area: 1- To store programs of activity resulted from motor past experience 2- Controls sequence of movements 3- Controls spatial & postural orientation movements. 4- Controls bimanual movements. Blood supply: Middle & anterior cerebral arteries
Slide 74-

secondary motor area Lesions :- Apraxia (inability to execute learned purposeful movements despite having the desire and the physical capacity to perform them). There is no or little loss of strength
Slide 75-

Boca's area The motor (anterior) speech area (of Broca, areas 44 and 45) is usually situated in the inferior frontal gyrus on the left side (in right-handed and in most left- handed people), below and in front of the face area and centred on the pars triangularis between the anterior and ascending rami of the lateral fissure. Damage to it produces motor aphasia — difficulty in finding the right words, but not paralysis of laryngeal musculature. Blood supply :- Middle cerebral a.
Slide 76-

Wernicke's area The posterior speech area (of Wernicke) is in the posterior parts of the superior and middle temporal gyri and extends into the lower part of the parietal lobe. - It is connected to the Broca’s, visual & auditory cortex Function: To understand the written and spoken language Its integrity is necessary for the understanding of speech. Lesion … Receptive dysphasia; the but patient responds by intact, irrelevant speech! Blood supply: Middle cerebral artery
Slide 77-

Prefrontal cortex The prefrontal cortex is an extensive area that lies anterior to the precentral The prefrontal area is concerned with 1. the makeup of the individual’s personality. 2. regulator of the person’s depth of feeling. 3. It also exerts its influence in determining the initiative and judgment of an individual.
Slide 78-

Prefrontal cortex that Lesions :- It is now generally agreed destruction of the prefrontal region does not produce any marked loss of intelligence Tumour or traumatic destruction of the prefrontal cortex result in the person’s losing initiative and judgment. Emotional changes that occur include a tendency to euphoria. The patient no longer conforms to the accepted mode of social behavior and becomes careless of dress and appearance. Bipolar disorders Schizophrenia
Slide 79-

Sensory areas paracentral 1- Primary somatosensory area The postcentral gyrus Posterior part of lobule Recieves primary from thalamus Sensations from the oral region, pharynx, larynx & perineum are received bilaterally 2- Secondary ( or association ) parietal somatosensory area. - Occupies the superior lobule 2 1
Slide 80-

Primary sensory area Sensory homunculus: The amount of the cortex for a bod is particular related part of the to its functional importance & number of receptors ( not to its size) Blood supply: Middle cerebral artery Anterior cerebral artery (leg area)
Slide 81-

Primary sensory area Lesions :- Lesions of somesthetic area the primary of the result in contralateral cortex sensory disturbances, which are most severe in the distal parts of the limbs. Crude painful, tactile,and thermal stimuli often return,but this is believed to be due to the function of the thalamus. localize tactile stimuli accurately, and unable to judge weights of objects. Loss of muscle tone may also be a symptom of lesions of the sensory cortex.
Slide 82-

Secondary somatosensory area Function: Receive different sensory modalities & relate them to past experience. e.g; object recognition without vision. Lesions = asterognosis !! Inable to identify things without see them …
Slide 83-

Primary visual cortex Broadmann area 17 Functions: - Receives fibers from the opposite field of vision - It also excludes & modulates unwanted images! Blood supply: - Posterior cerebral artery Lesions :- Crossed homonymous hemian opia
Slide 84-

Secondary visual cortex Brodmann area 18,19 Surrounded by the primary visual cortex … Functions to relate the visual information to past experiences Lesions produce … Visual agnosia; loss of ability to recognize objects seen in the opposite field of vision
Slide 85-

WHY don't we see everything upside-down? -Brain makes images 'easier' to see by: 1- Combining the two images of the two eyes (in corpus callosum). 2- Make images right-side-up (in the visual cortex). It does this because your brain is so USED to see things upside-down that it eventually adjusts to it (it's easier to flip the image than to try using hands and legs with an upside-down world) For the first days, babies see everything upside-down!
Slide 86-

Primary auditory area Broadmann area 41,42 In the inferior wall of lateral sulcus Afferent: Principally from the medial geniculate body Blood supply: - Middle cerebral artery - Lesions produce deafness in both … Partial ears with inability to locate sound. - The greater loss being in the opposite ear - (cochlear nuclei send 2nd order to the olivary nucleus & nuclei of trapezoid body bilaterally)
Slide 87-

Auditory pathway Explaning why greter loss of inability to hear on the opposite site !!! Cochlear n. send fibers more to the other side than the same side …
Slide 88-

Secondary auditory area Broadmann area 22 Lies posterior to the primary auditory area Function: - To interpret sounds and associate the auditory input with other sensory information. Blood supply: Middle cerebral artery Lesions : auditory agnosia !!
Slide 89-

The dominant angular gyrus This part is often considered a part of the Wernicke area Lesion here results in inability to read (alexia) or write (agraphia).
Slide 90-

Aphasia Motor aphasia Sensory aphasia Alexia Agraphia
Slide 91-

A lesion resulting in a nonfluent expressive aphasia would most likely be found in the (A) temporal lobe (B) parietal lobe (C) frontal lobe (D) occipital lobe
Slide 92-

Alexia without agraphia and aphasia would most likely result from occlusion of the (A) left anterior cerebral artery (B) right anterior cerebral artery (C) left middle cerebral artery (D) left posterior cerebral artery (E) right posterior cerebral artery
Slide 93-

A patient is asked to bisect a horizontal line through the middle, to draw the face of a clock, and to copy a cross. The patient bisected the horizontal line to the left of the midline, placed all of the numerals of the clock on the right side, and did not complete the cross on the left side. The most likely lesion site for this deficit is the (A) left frontal lobe (B) right parietal lobe (C) left parietal lobe (D) right temporal lobe (E) left occipital lobe
Slide 94-

Arterial supply to Brain Tissue of the brain ( paranchyme ) all is supplied by two sources … 1- branches of internal carotid artery 2- branched of basilar artery CCA ECA Subcalvain a. aorta ICA ACA MCA Vertebral a. Basialr a. Subcalvain a. Vertebral a. PCA 2 1
Slide 95-

Branches of the vertebral a. Posterior inferior cerebellar a. Anterior spinal a. 1 2
Slide 96-

Branches of the basilar a. Anterior inferior cerebellar a. Superior cerebellar a. Posterior cerebral a. 1 32
Slide 97-

Blood supply to Brain
Slide 98-

Anterior cerebral artery leaves the internal carotid artery and passes forwards above the optic nerve It is connected to its fellow of the opposite side by the anterior communicating artery. It is distributed to the orbital surface of the frontal lobe and to the whole of the medial surface of the hemisphere above the corpus callosum as far back as the parieto- occipital sulcus
Slide 99-

Anterior cerebral artery The motor and sensory areas for the opposite leg, foot and perineum, including the micturition and defecation centres, lie in its territory. Because of the anastomosis via the anterior communicating artery, it is usually possible for one anterior cerebral to be supplied with blood from the contralateral internal carotid.
Slide 100-

Anterior cerebral a. syndrome Hemiparesis or hemiplegia contralaterally, involving primarily the lower limbs and pelvic floor musculature Sensory deficits contralaterally, involving primarily the leg and perineum Apraxia (due to branches to the supplementary motor area and corpus callosum) Disconnection syndrome (due to callosal branches) Anosmia (due to branches of the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract) Urinary incontinence Grasp reflex and or sucking reflex contralaterally (if circle of Willis compromised)
Slide 101-

Middle cerebral artery The middle cerebral artery is the largest and most direct branch of the internal carotid and therefore most subject to embolism. It passes deep into the lateral sulcus to supply the cortex of the insula and overlying opercula. It reaches the lateral surface of the hemisphere
Slide 102-

Middle cerebral artery by continuing in the lateral sulcus, from which its branches emerge and ramify over an area that falls short of the borders of the lateral surface by one gyrus or its equivalent breadth. • In its area of cortical distribution lie the motor and sensory areas for the opposite half of the body, excluding leg, foot and perineum (which are in anterior cerebral territory), and the auditory and speech areas.
Slide 103-

Middle cerebral a. syndrome Hemiparesis or hemiplegia of the lower half of the contralateral face Hemiparesis or hemiplegia of the contralateral upper and lower extremities Sensory loss of the contralateral face, arm and leg Ataxia of contralateral extremities Speech impairments/aphasia: Broca's area, Wernicke's or Global aphasia as a result of a dominant hemisphere lesion (usually the left brain) 6. Perceptual deficits: hemispatial neglect, anosognosia, apraxia, and spatial disorganization as a result of a non-dominant hemisphere lesion (usually the right brain) 7. Visual disorders: déviation conjuguée, a gaze preference towards the side of the lesion; contralateral homonymous hemianopsia Note: *faciobrachial deficits greater than that of the lower limb
Slide 104-

Posterior cerebral artery The posterior cerebral artery curls back around the cerebral peduncle supplying it and the optic tract, and passes back above the tentorium to supply the inferomedial surface of the temporal and occipital lobes Its territory meets that of the anterior cerebral artery at the parieto-occipital branches extend sulcus. Its around the borders of the brain to supply the inferior temporal gyrus and a corresponding strip of cortex on the lateral surface of the occipital lobe. .
Slide 105-

Posterior cerebral artery The visual area for the opposite field of vision lies wholly within its but the middle territory, cerebral branches can sometimes extend sufficiently far back on the occipital lobe to supply the macular part of the visual area . Thus the macular field of vision may be spared when the rest of the visual area is destroyed by a posterior cerebral thrombosis.
Slide 106-

Posterior cerebral a. syndrome Visual disorder : Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia & cortical blindness with bilateral involvement of the occipital lobe branches visual agnosia dyslexia, Anomic aphasia, color naming and discrimination problems memory defect involuntary movements: chorea, intention tremor, hemiballismus contralateral hemiplegia Weber’s syndrome: occulomotor nerve palsy Bálint's syndrome: loss of voluntary eye movements optic ataxia, asimultagnosia (inability to understand visual objects).
Slide 107-

Circle of willis 1, Internal carotid artery. 2, Posterior cerebral artery. 3, Anterior cerebral artery. 4, Anterior cerebral artery. 5, Middle cerebral artery. 6, Basilar artery. 7, Vertebral artery. 8, anterior communicating artery . 8
Slide 108-

ppt slide no 108 content not found
Slide 109-

ppt slide no 109 content not found
Slide 110-

ppt slide no 110 content not found
Slide 111-

ppt slide no 111 content not found
Slide 112-

ppt slide no 112 content not found
Slide 113-

ppt slide no 113 content not found
Slide 114-

ppt slide no 114 content not found
Slide 115-

THANK YOU