Adverse Drug Reaction Medical Presentation

ADR PowerPoint Presentation

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Published on : Mar 21, 2018 | Views : 1797 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

Adverse Drug Reaction Any response to drug that is noxious, and unintended and that occurs at doses used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease or for the modification of physilogical function. It excludes therapeutic failures, overdose, drug abuse, non compliance and medication errors
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Side effects are expected symptoms listed for the drug. Adverse effects are something not expected, but possible Withdrawal effects is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake ofmedications
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Classification of ADRs ADRs can be classified on the following basis Onset of Action Severity of ADR Types of ADR
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According to onset of Action Acute:- Those reactions which are seen within 60 minute of the administration of drugs. Eg anaphylaxis with contrast media, Penicillin Sub-Acute:- Those reaction which are seen within 1-24 hours of administration of drugs. E.g. dry mouth, blurred vision of antihistaminics. Latent:- those reactions that are seen after 2 days of administration eg. Steven johnsons symdromes by suphonamides, carbamazepine, ototoxicity by aminoglycosides.
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On the basis of severity of reaction Mild ADR:- those reaction which causes trouble but requires no change in therapy. Eg drowsiness by cetrizine, dry mouth by diazepam. Moderate:- those reaction that requires change in therapy, additional treatment and hospitalisation. Eg severe abdomonal pain and gastritis by tramadol, steven johnson syndrome by carbamazipine. Severe:- those reactions which are disabling or life threatening. Eg anaphylatic reaction with penicillin
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Types of Allergic reactions/ADR Type-I ( Anaphylactic Reactions) It is a AG:AB (IgE) reactions. On exposure to the drug, AG:AB reaction takes place on the mast cell surface releasing mediators like histamine , 5-HT, leukotrienes resulting urticaria, itching, bronchospasm, rhinitis, or anaphylactic shock. It occurs quickly so also called immediate hypersensitivity.
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( Anaphylactic Reactions Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that occurs rapidly and causes a life-threatening response involving the whole body. This reaction can lead to difficulty breathing and shock ultimately leading to death. The most severe and life-threatening symptoms are difficulty breathing and loss of consciousness
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( Anaphylactic Reactions Difficulty breathing is due to swelling and/or spasm in the airways (which can include swelling of the tongue or the airways). In very rare cases, breathing can stop altogether Loss of consciousness is due to dangerously low blood pressure, which is called "shock." In the most serious cases, the heart can stop pumping altogether. These events can lead to death from anaphylaxis
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Type II ( Cytotoxic) reactions. It is due to reaction between antigen and antibody like IgG, IgM that results cytolysis. Examples are thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, haemolysis, organ damage (liver, kidney, muscle), Systemic Lupus erythematosus.
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Type- III It gives rise to destructive inflammatory response. Examples are:- rashes, serum sickness ( fever, arthralgia), Stevens – Johnsons syndrome. It subsides in 1-2 weeks.
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Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity) It results from T- lymphocytes. It takes more than 12 hours to develop It results contact dermatitis, rashes, fever, photosensitization.
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Preventive measures for ADRs Avoid all inappropriate use of drugs. Use appropriate dose, route, and frequency of drug administration. Take the proper history of drug reaction, allergic disease, precaution. Find possible drug interaction when more than one drug is prescribed. Use correct drug administration technique. Carry out appropriate lab monitoring like serum level of Lithium, digoxin,
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Classify Cephalosporin with examples Write down the ROM Therapy List the First line and second line TB drugs Write down the examples of macrolide andtibiotics Write down the MOA , Indication, dose and side effects of Azithromycin, Ethambutol, Isoniazide.