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Venous Thrombosis PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Venous thrombosis is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein, obstructing the normal flow of blood back to the heart.

Tags : physio therapy,venous thrombosis,Deep Vein Thrombosis,ETIOLOGY,Venous stasis,Endothelial injury,Hypercoagulability,PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Published on : Jul 18, 2025 | Views : 472 | Downloads : 0

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VENOUS THROMBOSIS Adnan gurchani
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DEFINITION : Venous thrombosis is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein, obstructing the normal flow of blood back to the heart. It most commonly occurs in the deep veins of the legs or pelvis, known as Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). If the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs, it can cause a Pulmonary Embolism (PE), which is a medical emergency.
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ETIOLOGY : Venous thrombosis is primarily caused by Virchow’s triad, which includes: Venous stasis Endothelial injury Hypercoagulability
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Venous Stasis: Venous stasis – slow or reduced blood flow in legs Bed rest Prolonged immobility (e.g., long flights) Heart failure
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Endothelial injury: Endothelial injury – damage to the inner lining of the vein Surgery or trauma Inflammation Central venous catheters
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Hypercoagulability – increased tendency to form clots Inherited disorders (e.g., Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin gene mutation) Pregnancy Oral contraceptives or hormone therapy Cancer Obesity Smoking Hypercoagulability:
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TYPES :
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : Initiation: A trigger (e.g., trauma or stagnation of blood) activates the coagulation cascade. Clot formation: Platelets adhere to the injured endothelium and fibrin forms a clot. Venous obstruction: The thrombus blocks venous return, increasing venous pressure. Inflammatory response: Causes pain, swelling, and redness. Possible embolization: If the clot dislodges, it can travel to the lungs (PE).
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CLINICAL FEATURES : Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Swelling (usually one leg) Pain or tenderness Redness or discoloration Warmth of the affected area Dilated superficial veins
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Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Sudden shortness of breath Chest pain (especially on breathing) Rapid heart rate Cough (possibly with blood) Dizziness or fainting
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DIAGNOSIS : History and physical examination D-dimer test – elevated in most cases of clot Compression ultrasound – first-line imaging for DVT CT pulmonary angiography – gold standard for diagnosing PE Venography or MRI – if ultrasound is inconclusive
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TREATMENT : 1. Anticoagulation (Mainstay) Heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight) Warfarin (INR monitoring required) Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs): rivaroxaban, apixaban 2. Thrombolytic Therapy Used in massive DVT or PE (e.g., alteplase)
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3. Mechanical Interventions Thrombectomy Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter (when anticoagulation is contraindicated) 4. Supportive Measures Compression stockings Leg elevation Analgesics
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COMPLICATIONS : Pulmonary embolism – potentially fatal Post-thrombotic syndrome – chronic swelling, pain, ulcers Recurrent thrombosis Chronic venous insufficiency
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PREVENTION : For High-Risk Patients : Early mobilization after surgery or hospitalization Prophylactic anticoagulants (e.g., enoxaparin) Use of compression devices (e.g., TED stockings) Avoid prolonged immobility Adequate hydration Prognosis : Good with early diagnosis and treatment Risk of recurrence if underlying cause remains PE may be fatal if untreated
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