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The Kidneys PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "The Kidneys”.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the kidneys, a pair of vital organs located on either side of the spine, just below the ribcage. They play a crucial role in filtering and removing waste products from the blood and regulating the levels of various substances in the body.

The kidneys are responsible for producing urine, which is a liquid waste product made up of water, salts, and other substances filtered from the blood. The urine is then transported to the bladder through tubes called ureters, where it is stored until it is eliminated from the body during urination.

In addition to filtering waste products, the kidneys also regulate the levels of various substances in the body, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. They also play a role in controlling blood pressure, producing hormones that stimulate the production of red blood cells, and activating vitamin D to help maintain strong bones.

The kidneys are susceptible to various diseases and conditions, including infections, inflammation, kidney stones, and kidney failure. Some risk factors for kidney disease include high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and a family history of kidney disease. Treatment options for kidney disease depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, dialysis, or kidney transplant.

Tags : The Kidneys, Nephrology, Nephrology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 07, 2023 | Views : 1613 | Downloads : 4

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Slide 1-

Chapter 19 The Kidneys
Slide 2-

About this Chapter Anatomy of the excretory system How the kidney is organized How the nephron works to filter blood, recycle, secrete, and excrete How filtration is regulated Urination reflex
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Kidney Functions Filter 200 liters of blood daily, allowing toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions to leave the body in urine Regulate volume and chemical makeup of the blood Maintain the proper balance between water and salts, and acids and bases
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Other Renal Functions Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting Production of renin to help regulate blood pressure and erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production and activation of Vitamin D Homeostatic regulation: ECF volume, osmolarity, ion & pH balance Excretion: Metabolic wastes & foreign molecules
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Excretory System: Anatomy Review Figure 19-1: Anatomy Summary: The Urinary System Kidney Cortex Medulla Pelvis Nephrons Ureter Bladder Urethra
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Urinary System Organs Figure 25.1a
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Kidney Location and External Anatomy Figure 25.2a
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Kidney Location and External Anatomy The bean-shaped kidneys lie in a retroperitoneal position in the superior lumbar region and extend from the twelfth thoracic to the third lumbar vertebrae The right kidney is lower than the left because it is crowded by the liver The lateral surface is convex and the medial surface is concave, with a vertical cleft called the renal hilus leading to the renal sinus Ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit at the hilus
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Internal Anatomy Figure 25.3b
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Other Urinary System Organs Urinary bladder – provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Paired ureters – transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Urethra – transports urine from the bladder out of the body
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The Nephron Nephrons are the structural and functional units that form urine, consisting of: Glomerulus – a tuft of capillaries associated with a renal tubule Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule – blind, cup-shaped end of a renal tubule that completely surrounds the glomerulus
Slide 13-

Kidney Functions: Overview Figure 19-3: The excretion of a substance depends on the amount that was filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted
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Nephron Functions: Overview Figure 19-2: Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion
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Glomerulus & Bowman's Capsule: Blood Filtration Capillaries Podocytes Mesanglial cells Bulk flow Solutes Water (Few proteins) (Not cells)
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Glomerulus & Bowman's Capsule: Blood Filtration Figure 19-4: Structure of the renal corpuscle
Slide 18-

Glomerular Flow Rate (GFR) Figure 19-6: Filtration pressure in the renal corpuscle Capillary Hydrostatic pressure Colloidal Capsule pressure Back pressure Net Filtration p GFR  180L/day (about 1% is excreted)
Slide 19-

Glomerular Flow Rate (GFR) Figure 19-5: The filtration fraction
Slide 20-

Regulation of GFR Autoregulation Myogenic stretch Tubuloglomerular feedback Macula densa J G cells ANS-Sympathetic Arteriole vasoconstriction Hormones/paracrines Angiotensin II Prostaglandins
Slide 21-

Regulation of GFR Figure 19-9: The juxtaglomerular apparatus
Slide 22-

Reabsorption: 10 Active Transport (Passive diffusion in) Active Transport Na+ to ECF K+ into cell ATP-ase Uses energy Na+ ECF peritubular capillaries Reabsorption  blood
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Reabsorption: 10 Active Transport Figure 19-11: Sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule
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Reabsorption: Secondary Active Transport Figure 19-12: Sodium-linked glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule Na+ linked 20 transport Symport Glucose Ions Amino acids Proximal tubule, key site
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Reabsorption: Passive Transport & Trancytosis Passive Transport of urea Na+ pumped out H2O follows Passive  [urea] [urea] higher than ECF passive diffusion to ECF Trancytosis of proteins
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Reabsorption: Passive Transport & Trancytosis Figure 19-13: Passive reabsorption of urea in the proximal tubule
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Reabsorption: Receptors can Limit Transport maximum Saturation (# of receptors) Competition Specificity Renal Threshold Example: glucosuria
Slide 28-

Reabsorption: Receptors can Limit Figure 19-15: Glucose handling by the nephron
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Secretion: From Peritubular Blood vessels & ECF Figure 19-2 : Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion
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The key difference between vasa recta and peritubular capillaries is that vasa recta are the special type of peritubular capillaries that supply oxygen and nutrients to the medulla of the kidney while peritubular capillaries are the capillaries that arise from the efferent arteriole and feed the kidney with oxygen and nutrients.
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Slide 33-

Solute Clearance: Rate of removal from the Blood Figure 19-16: Inulin clearance Information on Kidney Function GFR Reabsorption rates Secretion rates
Slide 34-

Excess ions, H2O, molecules, toxins, "foreign molecules" "nitrogenous waste": NH4+ and excess urea Kidney Ureter  bladder urethraout of body Excretion: All Filtration Products that are not reabsorbed
Slide 35-

Excretion: All Filtration Products that are not reabsorbed Figure 19-5: The filtration fraction
Slide 36-

Urination: Micturation reflex Bladder: smooth muscles internal sphincter external sphincter Regulation
Slide 37-

Urination: Micturation reflex Figure 19-18: The micturition reflex
Slide 38-

Summary Kidney produces urine, ureter bladder urethra Nephron filters, reabsorbs, secretes and excretes Arteriole pressure dictates GFR through autoregulation, ANS and hormonal influences Most filtrate is reabsorbed & returned via peritubular blood vessels; excess & toxic remains are excreted Urination reflex uses involuntary and voluntary paths