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Teeth And Gums-Anatomy And Physiology PowerPoint Presentation

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This medical PowerPoint presentation is about teeth and gums, important components of the oral cavity, which plays a vital role in the digestion of food. Here is an overview of their anatomy and physiology:

Teeth Anatomy

Teeth are hard, mineralized structures that are anchored in the jawbone and are used for biting, chewing, and grinding food. They are composed of four main structures:

Enamel: This is the outermost layer of the tooth, and it is the hardest substance in the human body. Enamel is made up of a crystalline mineral called hydroxyapatite, which is highly resistant to wear and tear.
Dentin: This is the layer of the tooth that lies beneath the enamel. Dentin is a softer, porous material that is made up of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals. It provides support and cushioning to the tooth.
Pulp: This is the innermost layer of the tooth, and it contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. The pulp is responsible for nourishing the tooth and providing it with sensation.
Cementum: This is a thin layer of connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth. It anchors the tooth to the jawbone and provides a surface for the attachment of periodontal ligaments.

There are four main types of teeth in the human mouth:

Incisors: These are the front teeth in the mouth, and they are used for biting and cutting food.
Canines: These are the pointed teeth next to the incisors, and they are used for tearing and ripping food.
Premolars: These are the teeth between the canines and molars, and they are used for crushing and grinding food.
Molars: These are the back teeth in the mouth, and they are used for grinding and crushing food.

Gums Anatomy

The gums, also known as gingiva, are the soft tissues that surround and support the teeth. They are composed of two main layers:

Epithelium: This is the outermost layer of the gum tissue, and it provides a protective barrier against bacteria and other harmful substances.
Connective Tissue: This is the inner layer of the gum tissue, and it contains blood vessels, nerves, and collagen fibers. It provides support and nourishment to the gum tissue.

Teeth and Gums Physiology

The teeth and gums work together to break down food and initiate the digestion process. When food is chewed, the teeth grind it into smaller pieces, and enzymes in the saliva begin to break down the food further. The gums provide support and cushioning to the teeth, and they also protect the underlying bone and connective tissue from damage.

Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for the health of the teeth and gums. Regular brushing and flossing can help to remove plaque and bacteria from the surface of the teeth and gums, which can help to prevent tooth decay, gum disease, and other oral health problems.

Tags : Teeth, Gums, oral cavity, digestion of food, Enamel, Dentin, Pulp, Cementum, Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars, Epithelium, Connective Tissue, Dentistry, dental medicine, oral medicine, dental medicine PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 1288 | Downloads : 0

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Transcript

Slide 1-

Teeth & gums
Slide 2-

What is the digestive system? The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract… which begins with the mouth. For this lesson, we’ll limit our focus to the teeth and gums found in the mouth.
Slide 3-

The baby teeth… Human beings have two sets of teeth. They begin with a temporary set of teeth, called the deciduous teeth… or baby teeth. They include 8 incisors, 4 canines (cuspids), and 8 molars. Rarely, a baby is born with a tooth or gets a tooth very early. This is called a neonatal or milk tooth, and falls out when the real baby teeth start erupting at an average age of 8 months. The lower central incisors usually appear first.
Slide 4-

The baby teeth… Permanent teeth develop from the same tooth bud as deciduous teeth. Baby teeth serve as space-savers for the permanent teeth, and are important in the development of the jaw. The baby teeth do have roots, but those are resorbed (dissolved) as the permanent teeth begin to push upward. The roots provide a hole for the permanent teeth to emerge. The full set of baby teeth have erupted by age 2.
Slide 5-

Permanent teeth… Baby teeth begin falling out around age 6, and are replaced by permanent teeth. By age 12 most children have 28 of their 32 permanent teeth. The first permanent teeth to erupt are the 1st molars. The four 3rd molars do not erupt until the age of 17-21.
Slide 6-

The incisors… The 8 incisors are shaped like a shovel, and have a sharp cutting edge. In rodents, they wear away during gnawing and continue to grow throughout the lifetime.
Slide 7-

The canines… The 4 canines (cuspids) are longer and stronger than the incisors, rooted deeply into the bones of the jaw. Pointed upper canines are commonly called eye teeth; their function is tearing food.
Slide 8-

The canines… Canines are often very pointed or come in high… resembling a dog’s canines or the vampire image.
Slide 9-

The bicuspids… The 8 bicuspids are also called the premolars. Rather than having a sharp or pointed top edge, they have a wider surface with 4 cusps or elevations. They are well-suited for grinding action. 1 3 2 4
Slide 10-

The molars… The 12 molars are the largest of the permanent set of teeth, with 4, and often 5 cusps for grinding. The 3rd molars, or wisdom teeth, are often pulled because they do not emerge in the correct position.
Slide 11-

There are 3 parts to every tooth: Crown: portion above the gum line Root: embedded in the gum Neck: between the crown and neck The parts of a tooth…
Slide 12-

Interior anatomy: Pulp: soft interior cavity Cementum: thin bone layer covering and protecting the root Dentin: the solid, most bulky portion of the tooth interior Enamel: hard covering on exposed part of tooth The parts of a tooth… Root canal: narrow tunnel for blood vessels and nerves to enter pulp
Slide 13-

The tiny opening into the bottom of the root canal tunnel is called the apical foramen (Ā pick ul / foh RAY men). It allows blood vessels and nerves to enter and supply the pulp of the tooth. There may be one or more canals in each root of the tooth. A root canal dental procedure: drilling out the unhealthy or injured portion, refilling it with a synthetic substance, and recapping the tooth. Root canal…
Slide 14-

The gums… The gums or gingiva (JIN jah vah) are mucosal tissues that sit on top of the alveolar (al VEE oh ler) bone. Coral-pink in color, this soft tissue surrounds the teeth and forms a seal around them. A shallow groove called the gingival sulcus (SULL kuss) surrounds the neck of each tooth. Gingival sulcus Healthy gingiva
Slide 15-

The gums… Massaging gums increases circulation and improves gingiva health. Receding gums or other gum disease is responsible for nearly 1/3 of all adult tooth loss. Good gum health is essential to tooth health. It may be caused by bacteria left between the teeth, bruxism (BRUCKS ism) or unconsciously gnashing the teeth, use of chewing tobacco, or piercings of the lip or tongue.
Slide 16-

Oral hygiene… Oral hygiene refers to the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean. This prevents periodontal (pair ee oh DAUNT ul) problems, involving the teeth or gingiva, and bad breath. Once or twice daily brushing with a mild abrasive and flossing with a wax-coated string is recommended. Brushing and flossing helps control the formation of dental plaque, also called tartar or calculus.
Slide 17-

Oral hygiene… Dental plaque is an accumulation of mineral film on the surface of the teeth. It is usually colorless, or stained by food or beverages. Once it forms it must be removed by a professional using scraping or ultrasonic tools. Unless this is done, gingiva will become irritated and inflamed.
Slide 18-

Tooth decay… Acid-forming foods left on the teeth, mouth, and tongue de-mineralize tooth enamel, causing cavities or holes. The cavity will eventually expose the nerve-filled pulp, and cause pain. The cavity must be drilled out, cleaned, and filled with gold, silver amalgams (mercury alloy),or tooth-colored composites, ceramics, or inlays.
Slide 19-

Tooth loss… There are 3 ways to replace missing teeth: A dental bridge or pontic can be anchored to neighboring teeth OR implants can be used to replace single teeth. Dentures can be built and fit to replace all of the teeth.
Slide 20-

Teeth & gums The end