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Sports Injury - Webinar on Prevention PowerPoint Presentation

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Published on : Aug 02, 2021 | Views : 3140 | Downloads : 8

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Slide 1-

Webinar on Prevention Sports Injury 31st May 2020 7 pmto 8 pm
Slide 2-

Traditional approach vs Sports Medicine approach BRUKNER AND KHAN, CLINICAL SPORTS MEDICINE 3E
Slide 3-

Prone area of Injury
Slide 4-

Classification of Sports Injury BRUKNER AND KHAN, CLINICAL SPORTS MEDICINE 3E
Slide 5-

Pain Joint & Ligaments Muscles including tendons & fascia Neural structure
Slide 6-

Pain Somatic: pain from musculoskeletal structure Radicular: nerve injury pain CNS: pain due to central nervous system abnormalities Visceral: from the organ
Slide 7-

BRUKNER AND KHAN, CLINICAL SPORTS MEDICINE 3E Clinical condition mislead with Sports Medicine
Slide 8-

Biomechanics & Injury
Slide 9-

COMMON INJURIES IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS Traumatic injuries Concussions Overuse injuries Heat injuries FRACTURE
Slide 10-

Common Cricket Injuries AC Joint Injury Bicep Tendinitis Bulging Disc Knee Bursitis Achilles Tendon Rupture Bursitis Shoulder Calf Muscle Tear Chondromalacia Patella Corked Thigh Degenerative Disc Disease Shoulder Dislocation DOMS ACL Injury Adductor Tendinopathy Anterior Ankle Impingement Low Back Pain
Slide 11-

Common Basketball Injuries Ankle Sprains Jammed Fingers Knee Injuries Deep Thigh Bruising Facial Cuts Foot Fractures
Slide 12-

Hockey AC Joint(shoulder) ACL strain or tears Clavicle / Collar Bone fracture Concussions MCL strain or tears Muscle Strain Shoulder Dislocation
Slide 13-

Badminton Tennis elbow Golfer's elbow RSI/Wrist tendonitis Wrist Strain Rotator cuff tendinopathy Rotator cuff injuries Ankle Sprains Jumper's knee
Slide 14-

Boxing Concussion Facial injuries: cuts, broken bones in the nose Wrist sprain Hand fractures Finger sprain Boxer’s knuckle Bennett’s fracture Dislocated shoulder Back pain Neck pain Achilles tendinopathy Strain injuries in the shoulders, neck, back, knees, calves and feet
Slide 15-

Volleyball Rotator Cuff Tendinitis Finger Injuries Ankle Sprains Patellar Tendinitis Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury Low-Back Pain Jumper's knee
Slide 16-

Swimming Irritation and inflammation in the shoulders. Rotator cuff tendonitis or tears. Shoulder impingement syndrome, which is a result of pressure on the rotator cuff muscles from part of the shoulder blade when the arm is lifted overhead. Tears in the cartilage around the shoulder socket. Neck and low back pain. Bicep tendonitis.
Slide 17-

Weightlifting Knee Injuries Back Strain Shoulder Tension Neck and Spine Stress
Slide 18-

Martial arts Concussion Head/Eyes/Ear/Nose Neck Extremities Skin
Slide 19-

Tennis Tennis Elbow Rotator Cuff Tears Stress Fractures in the Back Patellar Tendonitis (aka Jumper's Knee) Ankle Sprains
Slide 20-

Table tennis Ankle Sprain Knee Injury Tennis Elbow Shoulder Pain Calf Strain
Slide 21-

TYPES OF SPORTS INJURY Acute :- An injury that occurs suddenly such as a sprained ankle caused by an awkward landing is known as an acute injury. E.g, Acute tenosynovitis of wrist extensors in canoeists. Chronic :- Chronic injuries are caused by repeated overuse of muscle groups or joints. Poor technique and structural abnormalities can also contribute to the development of chronic injuries, e.g. March fracture in soldiers.
Slide 22-

Overuse injury :- These are caused by excessive and repeated use of the same muscle, joint or bone.
Slide 23-

Soft tissue injury Muscle sprains, Strains and Bruises Hard tissue Joints and Bones Dislocated joints Fractured bones
Slide 24-

Most common sports injuries in upper limb. Shoulder complex : Rotator cuff injury Shoulder dislocation Fracture clavicle Bicipital tendinitis or rupture Elbow : Tennis elbow Golfer's elbow
Slide 25-

Wrist : Wrist pain Carpal tunnel syndrome HAND: Mallet injury Baseball finger Jersey thumb
Slide 26-

Most common sports injuries in LOWER limb HIP Quadriceps strain Hip pain Groin pain due to adducter strain KNEE JOINT Jumpers knee Fracture patella Knee ligaments injuries Meniscal injuries.
Slide 27-

LEGS Calf muscle strain Hamstrings sprain Ankle injuries Ankle sprain Injury to Achilles tendon
Slide 28-

Foot March fracture Jones fracture
Slide 29-

Injury Prevention Check List Warm up Stretching Taping & bracing Protective equipment Equipment as per sport Surface Training Recovery Psychology Nutrition
Slide 30-

Warm Up Warm Up are the exercises done prior to sports It is of 2 types General exercises e.g. jogging Specific exercise (appropriate movements for the particular sport or activity)
Slide 31-

Warm Up The possible benefits of warm up include : Increased blood flow to muscles Increased delivery of oxygen to muscles due to increased break down of oxyhemoglobin Decreased vascular resistance Reduced muscle viscosity lading to smoother muscle contraction Increased speed of nerve impulses Enhanced metabolism
Slide 32-

Warm Up Decreased number of injuries due to increased range of motion (ROM) Decreased stiffness of connective tissue leading to decreased likelihood of tears Increased cardiovascular response to sudden strenuous exercise Decreased sensitivity of muscle stretch
Slide 33-

Warm Up There are no data to prescribe the intensity and duration of warm up This allows athletes to determine their own warm up regimen However one guideline is to produce some mild sweating without fatigue The effect of warm up lasts approx. 30 min, so it is important not to warm up early.
Slide 34-

Stretching Basic principles of stretching : warm up prior to stretching stretch before and after exercise/sport stretch gently and slowly stretch to the point of tension but not pain
Slide 35-

Stretching How does stretching prevent injury? Joints and muscle become stiff as a result of inactivity , over activity and injury Increased flexibility attained through stretching may decrease musculotendinous injuries and alleviate muscle soreness especially in sports that have a high intensity of muscle-tendon stretch-shortening cycle e.g. : football and basketball
Slide 36-

Stretching Types of stretching : Static stretching Ballistic stretching - Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching
Slide 37-

Stretching Static stretching: the stretch position is assumed slowly and gently held for 30-60 sec and relaxed the athlete should not experience any discomfort. Static stretching produces least amount of stretch and is the safest method to increase flexibility.
Slide 38-

Stretching Ballistic stretching: -the muscle is stretched to near its limit, then stretched further with a bouncing movement. stretching a muscle against increased tension heightens the chances of injury, hence not commonly used it is particularly used in gymnastics ballet and dance under appropriate training where maximum ROM is advantageous
Slide 39-

Stretching Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching(PNF) : Performed by alternating contraction and relaxation of both agonist and antagonist muscles PNF stretching may produce greater flexibility than other stretching techniques Major disadvantage is tendency to overstretch Performed under supervision.
Slide 40-

Taping and bracing Taping(or strapping) and bracing are to used to restrict undesired, potentially harmful motion and allow desired motion. Indication for the use of taping and bracing: prevention- used as a preventive measure in high risk activities e.g. basketball player’s ankles 2. rehabilitation- used as a protective mechanism during the healing and rehabilitation phases.
Slide 41-

Taping and bracing Taping : restrict undesired motion good tape should be adhesive strong and nonirritant suitable joints for taping are ankle , wrist 1st metatarsophalangeal etc taping may enhance proprioception besides mechanical support.
Slide 42-

Taping and bracing Complications of taping : reduced circulation due to tight taping skin irritation failing of support when the material material threshold is exceeded
Slide 43-

Taping and bracing Bracing: provide mechanical support and prevent undesired motion. Athlete can put brace by himself/herself slipping during use, weight of the brace, sizing are the major disadvantages
Slide 44-

Protective equipment They shield various body parts against injury without interfering with sporting activity. They can also be used on return to activity after injury to prevent direct contact with the injured part Protective equipment include helmets, face shields, knee pads, shin pads, shoulder pads, wrist guards gum shields gloves etc
Slide 45-

Equipment as per Sport Equipment should be used according to the capacity of the athlete. e.g. children should use junior racquets for tennis, smaller bats for cricket Equipment should be sport specific. e.g. using running shoes for football will lead to injury of forefoot. A defective equipment can lead to injury.
Slide 46-

Environmental factors & Surface Extreme cold and hot weather can cause injury to sportsmen. Extreme heat can produce heat cramps and heat prostration. Extreme cold may cause frostbite and hypothermia Uneven, wet, icy surfaces cause falling, collision, sliding of the players. Athletes must be aware of signs of hypothermia, heat prostration They must be well prepared for the extreme weather with appropriate clothing and training.
Slide 47-

Appropriate training This includes giving sport specific training towards improving performance in the given sport. There should be adequate rest between competitions Training must be according to individual needs as every individual differs in their skill, power, strength, food habits, tolerance etc
Slide 48-

Recovery
Slide 49-

Psychology Excessive psychological arousal can result in decrease in sporting performance and increase the risk for injury Loss of concentration can predispose to injury by giving athlete less time to react Under arousal can also predispose to injury
Slide 50-

Nutrition Inadequate repletion of glycogen occurs due to under nutrition causes a reliance on fat and protein stores resulting in protein breakdown which in turn leads to soft tissue injury. Intense training causes skeletal muscle breakdown which is exacerbated by inadequate protein intake. Inadequate hydration may compromise blood flow to working muscles increasing susceptibility to injury. Inadequate intake of micro nutients like calcium, phosphorus result in altered bone metabolism resulting in injury.
Slide 51-

Injury causation model based on epide the miological model of Meeuwise& modified by Bahr & Krosshaug BRUKNER AND KHAN, CLINICAL SPORTS MEDICINE 3E Ref: 1
Slide 52-

Treatment Layout minimizing extent of injury (RICE) immobilization and early mobilization therapeutic drugs, including glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), sclerosing therapy, glucosamine heat and cold electrotherapeutic modalities extracorporeal shock wave therapy manual therapy — joints mobilization manipulation traction — muscles – softtissuetherapy MET — neural —stretching acupuncture dry needling hyperbaric oxygen surgery.
Slide 53-

Sports emergency Traumatic Non traumatic
Slide 54-

Traumatic Head injury severe minor Spinal cord injury cervical thoracic lumber Thoracic injury Flail chest Haemothorax Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Cardiac contusion
Slide 55-

Abdominal injury Ruptured viscus (e.g. liver, spleen, kidney, bladder, pancreas, bowel) Multiple fractures (particularly femoral or pelvic fractures) Blood loss
Slide 56-

Non traumatic Cardiac Coronary artery disease Arrhythmia Congenital abnormality Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Hyperthermia Hypothermia Cerebrovascular accident Hypoglycaemia Hyponatremia
Slide 57-

Respiratory Asthma Spontaneous pneumothorax Pulmonary embolism Allergic anaphylaxis Drugs Cocaine, morphine
Slide 58-

Other Vasovagal (fainting) Postural hypotension Blood pooling post exercise Hyperventilation Hysteria
Slide 59-

First Aid ফার্স্ ট এইড কথার অথট হল া ফার্স্ট হহল্প বা প্রথম সহায়তা injured মানুলের প্রতত ফার্স্ ফার্স্ ট এইড শুরু হয় যখন হখল ায়াড় injured হয় তখন হথলক হমতডলক তিতকৎসা শুরু হওয়া পযটন্ত ট এইড হেয়ালত ভু হল হখল ায়ার এর প্রাণ পযটন্ত হযলত পালর তাই জেনে নেনত হনে সঠিক ফার্স্ট এইড নক ভানে জেওয়া যায়
Slide 60-

Five ‘P’s in First Aid Preserve life Protect the unconscious Prevent injury or illness becoming worse Promote recovery Procure medical aid
Slide 61-

Managing Sports Injury Checklist what is the injury? (Diagnosis) what should I do for it? (Treatment) how did it happen? (Cause) how do I stop a recurrence? (Prevention)
Slide 62-

Three levels of injury priority First priority injury that pose an immediate threat to life airway obstruction / cardiac arrest / uncontrolled bleeding Second priority urgent injuries that are potential threats to life or limb head injury / spinal injury serious limb injury with blood vessel / nerve injury Third priority mild limb injuries – sprain / strain cuts and bruises
Slide 63-

PRICED (What to do) PREVENT – prevent further injury. This may mean stopping the game, and/or removing the player from the field Rest – stop using the injured part, or you could risk further damage Ice – apply ice locally until the skin is numb, or for about 20 min. reapply when the skin is back to its normal temperature. Use a barrier between ice and skin (eg wet tea towel, not plastic). Ice reduce pain, bleeding, swelling and muscle spasm Compression – compress with a wide elastic bandage, wrapped about 10 cm above and below the site of injury. This reduces swelling Elevation – raised the injured body part above heart level. This helps the drainage of fluid from damaged tissues Diagnosis – if the injury does not settle quickly, seek professional help. Don’t waste time to diagnosed that what happen to the athlet
Slide 64-

What not to do do not HARM Heat - no hot application. No hot bath, saunas or spa. No to any kind of heat rub Alcohol – no alcohol for first 24 hours Running - avoid exercises and running of that part Massage – don’t do any kind of massage any kind of this activities could promote further bleeding & swelling
Slide 65-

RED FLAGS When it is Emergency Head injury – see for the loss of consciousness or persistent headache Breathing problem Neck pain Abdominal pain Blood in urine Fractured or suspected fractured bone Serious joint or ligament injury Joint dislocation Eye injury Deep wounds and/or persisting bleeing Injuries associated with severe pain Any doubtful injury
Slide 66-

CHECKLIST – go back to field Full pain free movement of the injured part Full strength in the injured part Full co-ordination Good endurance Use protective gear like guards, taping, head gear etc to protect from re injury
Slide 67-

Some tips Cuts, Scrapes & Bleeding : stop the bleeding by direct application of pressure The Bloody Nose : tilt backward of the head block the nostril by cotton or by firm pinch Strain & Sprain : immobilize, ice, compression and elevation
Slide 68-

Heat injury : (it can be life threatening) in heat injury athlete may collapse symptoms prior to collapse – dry hot skin without sweating (not always) confusion dizziness chills on the chest what to do then : remove clothes cool by packing body with ice, towels, or douse with cold water give cool liquid by mouth seek medical hepl
Slide 69-

Unconscious player : follow A B C – clear airway, assist in breathing by CPR maintain circulation
Slide 70-

First Aid Kit Checklist for sideline supplies Ice chest with ice bags & ice cups Wraps Splints Crutches Knee immobilizer Backboard with cervical collar Table Water & cups Checklist for Medical kit 1 ½” athletic tape Tape scissors 1” athletic tape Skin scissors Elastic tape Tweezers Pre-wrap Nail clippers Assorted foam Pocket knife Skin lubricant Sterile applicators Two 6” wrap
Slide 71-

Checklist for sideline supplies Squeeze water bottles Stretchers Telephone Medical kit AED Emergency locator forms Checklist for Medical kit Tongue depressure Two 4” ace wraps Razor Assorted band-aids Plastic bags Tape adherent Alcohol Tape remover Betadine 4x4 sterile gauze pads Antibacterial ointment Roll gauze Hydrogen peroxide Telfa pad
Slide 72-

Checklist for Medical kit Sterile eye wash Finger & wrist splints Contact lens solution Shoulder sling Steri-strips Pen light Tooth preserving pack Analgesic balm Moleskin Special items for athletes for special medical condition like diabetes, asthma & menstrural cycle
Slide 73-

BASIC LIFE SUPPORT check for D anger S check R esponse check A irways check for B reathing give C PR apply a D efibrillator end for help
Slide 74-

Check for Danger (Hazards/Risks/Safety?) to you to others to casualty For example; electrical wires, gases, aggressive relatives, water, etc. Remove yourself and the casualty to an area of safety
Slide 75-

Check the casualty for a response. Use the COWS Method C an you hear me? O pen your eyes W hat is your name? S queeze my hand Gently squeeze shoulders (i.e. the trapezoid muscle) If casualty is unresponsive call for help.
Slide 76-

Police 100 Fire 101 Ambulance 102 Disaster management 108
Slide 77-

Check the airway is open and clear of obstructions. Use a head tilt, chin lift to open the airway. Use a jaw thrust for patients with suspected spinal cord, head, neck and facial trauma. (usually done on patients with a GCS < 8. Not recommended for unexperienced people).
Slide 78-

In an unconscious patient, the tongue is the most common cause of obstruction. Also check the airway for blood, vomit & any other foreign materials. If breathing begins place in recovery position.
Slide 79-

Look, listen and feel for breathing, up to 10 seconds. is chest rising and falling? can you hear or feel air from mouth or nose? In Australia it is no longer recommended to deliver rescue breaths but rather continue straight to CPR. CPR should be the chief priority. In clinical situations use a face mask to administer the breaths.
Slide 80-

Clear the airway Esophageal tracheal Combitube
Slide 81-

If no signs of life – unconscious, not breathing and not moving, start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) CPR involves giving; 30 compression and 2 breaths 100 compressions per minute (useful tunes for compression rate are Staying Alive by the Bee Gees, Another one Bites the Dust to name a few) The recommended point of compresions is the midline over the lower half of the sternum.
Slide 82-

Remember to push hard and fast, straight arms. Revival checks conducted every 2 minutes (look for pulse & signs of life) Should swap person doing compressions every 2min (so they don’t become tired and perform ineffective compressions)
Slide 83-

Doing CPR on Infants use two fingers instead of using hands to deliver compressions. Give 30 compression & 2 breaths 100 compressions per minute when delivering breaths do not overdo the amount, as you may cause a lung to rupture. You should check for vital signs every 2 minutes. CPR should continue until the return of spontaneous circulation or you are relieved by a qualified professional.
Slide 84-

Automatic External Defibrillator
Slide 85-

If Defibrillator is available, apply and follow voice prompts. Remember when shocking to get everyone to stand well back. K e e p c h e c k in g fo r s ig n s of l i fe .
Slide 86-

Airway Management Oropharyngeal Airway (guedels) Nasopharyngeal Airway Endotracheal tube Laryngeal mask
Slide 87-

Thank You