Download Free Medical Salivary Gland Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

Salivary Gland Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Salivary gland disorders” by Safieya Alhadab and Aminah Alsulaiman.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about salivary gland disorders, conditions that affect the function or structure of the salivary glands, which are responsible for producing saliva. There are several types of salivary gland disorders, including:

Sialadenitis: This is an inflammation of the salivary gland, often caused by a bacterial infection. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and redness around the affected gland.
Salivary gland stones: These are small, hard mineral deposits that can form in the salivary gland, blocking the flow of saliva and causing pain and swelling.
Salivary gland tumors: These are growths that can develop in the salivary gland, which may or may not be cancerous. Symptoms may include swelling, pain, or numbness in the face or neck.
Dry mouth: This is a condition in which the salivary glands do not produce enough saliva, leading to a dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, and an increased risk of dental problems.

Treatment for salivary gland disorders may include antibiotics for bacterial infections, surgery to remove stones or tumors, or medications to stimulate saliva production for dry mouth. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as drinking more water or avoiding certain foods may also help alleviate symptoms.

Tags : Salivary gland disorders, Sialadenitis, Salivary gland stones, Salivary gland tumors, Dry mouth, Dentistry, dental medicine, oral medicine, dental medicine PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 1634 | Downloads : 1

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

SALIVARY GLAND DISORDERS Supervised by Prof.Ravi Kant Safieya Alhadab Aminah Alsulaiman Done by:
Slide 2-

Introduction. Anatomy. Disorders of glands. Clinical approach. Surgical aspect. OBJECTIVES
Slide 3-

INTRODUCTION Salivary glands: are composed of 4 major glands, in addition to minor glands. Major: 2 parotid glands. 2submand-ibular gland Minor: Sublingual. Multiple minor glands
Slide 4-

ANATOMY 1. PAROTID GLAND
Slide 5-

Important structure that run through the parotid gland: Branch of facial nerve. Terminal branch of external carotid artery that divided into maxillary & superficial temporal artery. The retromandibular vein ( post. Facial ). Intraparotid lymph node.
Slide 6-

ppt slide no 6 content not found
Slide 7-

ppt slide no 7 content not found
Slide 8-

THE PAROTID DUCT: Stensen’s duct is 5 cm long. open opposite the second upper molar tooth
Slide 9-

It’s paired of gland that lie below the mandible on either side. Has 2 lobes, superficial & deep. Warthon’s duct, drained submandibular gland that opens into anterior floor of mouth. Anatomical relationship: Lingual nerve. Hypoglossal nerve. Anterior facial vein. Facial artery. Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve. 2. SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
Slide 10-

ppt slide no 10 content not found
Slide 11-

3. SUBLINGUAL GLAND Lie on the superior surface of the mylohyoid muscle and are separated from the oral cavity by a thin layer of mucosa. The ducts of the sublingual glands are called Bartholin’s ducts.
Slide 12-

ppt slide no 12 content not found
Slide 13-

About 450 lie under the mucosa They are distirbuted in the mucosa of the lips, cheeks, palate, floor of mouth & retromolar area Also appear in oropharyanx, larynx & trachea 4. MINOR SALIVARY GLAND
Slide 14-

DISORDERS OF MINOR & SUBLINGUAL SALIVARY GLAND CYST It’s either: Extravasation cyst result from trauma to overlying mucosa. Mucous retention cyst in the floor of the mouth due to obstruction. RANULA extravasation cyst that arises from sublingual gland.
Slide 15-

PLUNGING RANULA It is rare form of mucus retention cyst arise from both sublingual & submandibular. The mucus collects around the gland &penetrates the mylohyoid diaphragm to enter the neck. Pt. presents with Dumbbell shaped swelling , soft, fluctuant & painless
Slide 16-

Tumors of minor & sublingual salivary gland are extremely rare. 90% are malignant. Most common site: upper lip, palate & retromolar region. TUMORS
Slide 17-

Submandibular gland
Slide 18-

1- ectopic aberrant salivary gland tissue: The most common ectopic tissue is called stafne tissue… (what is it?) Presentation Discovered by x-ray: treatment
Slide 19-

2- inflammatory diseases of the submandibular gland: sialadenitis
Slide 20-

Acute infections: Treatment: antibiotics and surgically
Slide 21-

3-trauma and obstruction: Most common cause is sialolithiasis which 80% happens in the submandibular gland… Presentation: painful swelling in submandibular area What would aggreveate it? Clinical findings: tender, pus draining investigations : x-ray Treatment: surgical
Slide 22-

4-tumors They are very rare in this gland and 50% are benign… Presentation Investigations: CT and MRI… Never do open biopsy but do FNA.. Treatment is surgical…
Slide 23-

Parotid gland:
Slide 24-

1-developmental They extremly rare like agenesis, , duct atresia and congenital fistula formation…
Slide 25-

2-inflammatory disorders A- viral infections: Mumps… Mode of infection Prodromal period Presentation Diagnosis Treatment is conservative Complications: Orchitis, oophoritis, pancreatitis, sensorineural deafness, nemimgoencephalitis but they are rare…
Slide 26-

2- inflammatory disorders (cont.) B- bacterial: Precipitating factors??! Causative organisms Presentation Treatment :conservative and it might eed drainage…
Slide 27-

Recurrent parotitis of childhood: This occurs in 3-6 years of age and the symptoms last for 3-7 days accompanied with fever and malaise… Diagnosis is made by HX and sialography showing a characteristic snowstorm appearance… Treatment: -antibiotics -prophylactic antibiotics -parotidectomy..
Slide 28-

2- inflammatory disorders (cont) C- chronic parotitis (HIV)? It is pathognomonic for HIV… Presentation : very similar to sjogran’s syndrome… Differentiated by negative autoantibody… On investigation : CT and MRI show characteristic swiss cheese appearance of the cysts…
Slide 29-

treatment:Surgery to improve the appearance although it’s painless
Slide 30-

3-Obstructive parotitis: A- papillary obstruction: It less common than in submandibular gland… Most commonly due to trauma Presentation Treatment is papillotomy…
Slide 31-

B- stone formation: As mentioned before it is 80% in submandibular but only 20 % in parotid Investigations: position… Treatment is surgical…
Slide 32-

4- tumors: The parotids are the commonest glands for tumors of salivary glands…
Slide 33-

Slowly painless growing temor below the ear, or infront of it
Slide 34-

Sometimes on the upper aspect of the neck:
Slide 35-

4-TUMORS (CONT) If it arised from the accessory lobe it will look like a presistant cheek swelling… If it arises from the deep lobe it will present as parapharyngeal mass… Symptoms: Difficult swallowing Snoring Clinical examination…
Slide 36-

classification
Slide 37-

4-TUMORS (CONT) Investigations: CT AND MRI FNA OPEN BIOPSY IS CONTRAINDICATED… TREATMENT: SURGICAL…
Slide 38-

OTHER RARE DISESASES: 1-granulomatous sialadenitis: Mycobacterial infection: Sarcoidosis Cat scratch disease Toxoplasmosis Syphilis Deep mycosis Wgner’s granulomatosis Allergic sialdenitis due to radiotherapy of the head and neck…
Slide 39-

2- tumor like diseases: They are a group of diseases that are hard to diagnose and are not under any group of the other diseases: Sialadenosis Adenomatoid hyperplasia Multifocal adenomporphic adenomatosis
Slide 40-

3- degenerative diseases: Sjogran’s syndrome…: Benign lymphoepithilial lesions Xerostomia Sialorrhea
Slide 41-

A- sjogran’s syndrome: It is an autoimmune condition causing progressive destruction of the salivary glands and the lacrimal glands….. Presentation is xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis… They also present with pain and asendng infection .females more than males 10:1 Parotis is more common
Slide 42-

ppt slide no 42 content not found
Slide 43-

(Cont) The charachtaristic feature is progressive lymphocytic infiltration acinar cell destruction and prolifration of duct epithilium… Diagnosis based on history… Treatment remains symptomatic: Artificial tears… Salivary substitiuants or water… Floride to avoid dental carries… Complications are B cell lymphoma
Slide 44-

B-Xerostomia: Normal salivary flow decreases with age… Mostly in woman postmenopausal complaining of burning tongue of mouth.. Causes: -chronic anxiety and depression.. -dehydration… -anticholinergic drugs… -sjogran’s syndrome… -radiotherapy of the neck and head
Slide 45-

C-sialorrhea: Causes: some infections and drugs… Drooling: In children that are mental handicap Also in cerebral palsy Management is surgical… Bilateral submandibular duct repositioning and sublingual duct excision… Bilateral submandibualr gland excision… Bilateral submandibualr gland excision and repositioning of the parotis duct…
Slide 46-

History. Clinical examination. Investigation. How to approach the patient clininally
Slide 47-

History of swellings / change over time? Trismus? Pain? Variation with meals? Bilateral? Dry mouth? Dry eyes? Recent exposure to sick contacts (mumps)? Radiation history? Current medications? HISTORY
Slide 48-

INSPECTION: Asymmetry (glands, face, neck) Diffuse or focal enlargement Erythema extra-orally Trismus Medial displacement of structures intraorally? Cranial nerve testing ( Facial , Hypoglossal nerve) CLINCAL EX.
Slide 49-

PALPATION: Palpate for cervical lymphadenopathy Bimanual palpation of floor of mouth in a posterior to anterior direction Have patient close mouth slightly & relax oral musculature to aid in detection Examine for duct purulence Bimanual palpation of the gland (firm or spongy/elastic). CLINCAL EX.
Slide 50-

Plain occlusal film. CT Scan. Ultrasound. Sialography. Radionuclide Studies. Diagnostic Sialendoscopy2 INVESTIGATION
Slide 51-

Effective for intraductal stones, while…. intraglandular, radiolucent or small stones may be missed. 1.PLAIN OCCLUSAL FILM
Slide 52-

2.CT-Scan Large stones or small CT slices done. Also used for inflammatory disorders 3. ULTRASOUND Operator dependent, can detect small stones (>2mm), inexpensive, non-invasive
Slide 53-

Consists of opacification of the ducts by a retrograde injection of a water-soluble dye. Provides image of stones and duct morphological structure May be therapeutic, but success of therapeutic sialography never documented 4. SIALAOGRAPHY
Slide 54-

Disadvantages: Irradiation dose Pain with procedure Perforation Infection dye reaction Push stone further Contraindicated in active infection. 4. SIALAOGRAPHY, cont
Slide 55-

is useful preoperatively to determine if gland is functional. 5. RADIONUCLIDE STUDY
Slide 56-

Allows complete exploration of the ductal system, direct visualization of duct pathology Success rate of >95%2 Disadvantage: technically challenging, trauma could result in stenosis, perforation 6.SIALENDOSCOPY
Slide 57-

Surgical approaches to salivary glands: A-stone removal: -submandibular gland
Slide 58-

B- tumor excision:1-submandibular gland -intracapsular dissection -extracapsular dissection…(suprehyoid neck dissection)
Slide 59-

So what are the indications of removal of the submandibular gland???
Slide 60-

Structures to be preserved: Facial nerve marginal branch Platysma muscle fibers… Facial artery Hypoglossal nerve… Lingual nerve Anterior facial vein should be ligated
Slide 61-

Complications of the surgery: Hematoma wound infection marginal mandibular nerve injury lingual nerve injusry hypoglossal nerve injury transection of the nerve to the myelohyoid muscle causing submental skin anesthesia…
Slide 62-

B-parotid gland: Superficial parotidectomy: If the tumor lies in the superficial lobe a superficial peotidectomy should be performed with preserving the facial nerve… It is the commonest procedure…
Slide 63-

The facial nerve trunk 1-the inferior portion of the cartilaginous canal called conley’s pointer the facial nerve lies 1 cm deep and inferior to it’s tip 2-the upper border of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle… The facial nerve is superior to it… A nerve stimulator might come in handy…
Slide 64-

Radical protidectomy: Whole gland is remover Facial nerve is transected Masseter muscle removed Neck dissection
Slide 65-

Complications: Hematoma Infection Temporary facial nerve weakness. Transection of the facial nerve and permenant facial weakness.. Sialocele… Facial numbness. Permenant numbness of the ear lobe due to transection of the great auricular nerve… Frey’s syndrome
Slide 66-

Frey’s syndrome: Cause… Prevention… Treatment is incidence… Antiperspirants like ALCL Denervation by tympanic neurectomy Injection of botulinum toxin to the skin area
Slide 67-

refrences Baily and love’s Schwart’s Browse Manual of clinical syrgery…
Slide 68-

Thank you ؟