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Rehabilitation of injury PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Orthopaedics, which is titled "Rehabilitation of injury", to know about rehabilitation of injury.

Tags : Orthopaedics, Rehabilitation, injury

Published on : Aug 18, 2021 | Views : 2748 | Downloads : 5

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Slide 1-

Sports injuries – Part 3 Rehabilitation of injury
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Proprioceptive training Proprioception is a subconscious process using a system of receptor nerve (remember proprioceptors) located in the muscle, joints and tendons. Proprioceptors deliver vital information to ensure smooth movement occurs, however, following an injury proprioception is impaired. Proprioceptive training uses hopping, jumping and balance exercises to ensure lost proprioception and teach the body to control the position of an injured joint subconsciously. For example with a strained ankle are a common sporting injury and proprioceptive exercise used to rehabilitee this type of injury involves a balance board. A balance board, is unpredictable and wobbles, so standing on one with an injured ankle strengthens the joint and at the same time re-educated the body quickly react the wobbly movements without thinking about it.
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Strength training Strength training uses a resistance of some kind. This resistance can be weight machines or free weights, bdy weights or the use of therabands. Whatever the type of strength training, t prepares the body for exercise, reducing the chance of injury. The following table gives examples of different types of strength training that can be used to aid recovery.
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Strength training
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Hyperbaric Chambers The aim of hyperbaric chambers is to reduce the recovery time for an injury the chamber is pressurized rather like an aero plane (in some chambers a mask is worn) and there is 100% pure oxygen. The pressure increases the amount of oxygen that can be breathed in and this means more oxygen can be diffused to the injured area. The excess oxygen dissolves into the blood plasma where is can be reduce swelling and both stimulate white blood cells activity and increase blood supply to the injury site. Many top rugby teams use hyperbaric chambers because of these benefits.
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Cryotherapy Cryotherapy is the use of cooling to treat injuries. For common sporting injuries such as muscle strains, treatment for these is simply RICE. The RICE procedure involves the use of ice which has analgesic effect and this can limit pain and swelling by decreasing blood flow to the injured area. Ice baths are also a form of cryotherapy but are used for recovery after exercise.
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Whole body cryotherapy Whole body cryotherapy (WBC) involves the use of cryogenic chambers to reduce pain and inflammation. The chambers is cooled by liquid nitrogen to a temperature below -100 degrees and the patient remains in the chamber protected with socks, gloves and a swimming costume for up to 3 mins. The freezing gas surrounds the body so that the blood from the arms and legs flows towards the core in an attempt to keep the body warm and protect vital organs from the extreme cold. On leaving the chamber, the blood returns back to the arms and legs full of oxygen which helps heal injury cells.
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Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy takes place in warm water and is used to improve blood circulation, relieve pain and relax muscles. Typically hydrotherapy pools are heated to approx 35-37c which increased blood circulation. Water can be used to make exercise easier and to alter exercise intensity. The main advantage of hydrotherapy is that the buoyancy of the water helps to support body weight, which reduces the load on joints and therefore allows for more exercise than is permitted on land. Exercising against resistance of the water helps to strengthen the injured area. Hydrotherapy exercises include squats, lunges, walking and running with or without a buoyancy aid in the water. Some hydrotherapy pools have underwater treadmills, the faster the exercise is performed the more resistance there is created from the water.
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Massage Sports massage is a popular form of treatment which can prevent or relieve soft tissue injuries. Regular exercise can result in a build-up of tension in a muscle which will place stress on the muscle, as well as joints, tendons and ligaments. The benefits of sport massage include: Increase blood flow to soft tissue so more oxygen and nutrients can pass through to help repair any damage Removes lactic acid Causes stretching of soft tissue to relieve tension an pressure Breaks down scar tissue which, if not removed, can lad to mobility problems in muscles, tendons and ligaments.
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Foam Rollers Using foam rollers is a bit like self-massage. They can release tension and tightness in a muscle, as well as between the muscles and the fascia. They can be used to prevent injury and improve mobility. Foam rolling uses body weigth and you literally roll your body on the foam roller to try to relax the muscle. If this hurts too much then it is important to support your body weight using your arms and add more weight as the muscle relaxes.
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Cold therapy As a method of recovery, cold therapy is useful after intense exercise where it can target any minor aches and pains. Cooling the surface of the skin using ice gives pain relief and causes vasoconstriction f the blood vessels, which decreases blood flow and reduces any bleeding or swelling. A decrease in swelling (oedema) enables the muscle to have more movement. Ice can also reduce muscle spasms by decreasing motor activity. The conduction velocity of sensory and motor nerves (speed of the nerve impulse) slows down in cold conditions. Metabolic rate also decreases.
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Ice baths Ice baths are very popular recovery method. The cold water causes the blood vessels to tighten and drains the blood out of the legs (or submerged body part) On leaving the ice the body part fills up with new blood that invigorates the muscles with oxygen to help the cells function better. The blood that leaves the legs removes lactic acid. The purpose is to flush lactic acid from the muscles, reducing soreness. Despite its unpleasantness the effects are felt immediately.
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Importance of sleep The amount of sleep you have and eating the correct foods can drastically improve recovery time. Amount of sleep needed depends on the individual and the amount of activity completed. The heavier the exercise program the more sleep you will need. During the deepest part of sleep referred to as non-rem sleep, the brain waves slow down and blood flow is directed away from the brain towards the muscles to restore energy. Most athletes need between 8-9 hours of sleep
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nutrition for improved recovery Nutrition is also crucial for recovery after exercise During exercise glycogen stores decrease they need to be replenished after exercise Replenishing glycogen stores in the 20min window after exercise can enhance performance the next day The golden rule is 3:1 ratio of carbs to protein. This combination of carbs and protein helps the body re-synthesise muscle glycogen more efficiently than carbs alone.