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Published on : Apr 10, 2022 | Views : 1088 | Downloads : 1

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ, PHARM D 1ST SEMESTER GROUP # 7
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KOMAL HAYAT 5051321036 HALEEMA SADIA 5051321033 AMNA AMJAD 5051321003 SHAHROZ ABBAS 5051321048 MUHAMMAD AMMAD 5051321039 DAIM HUSSAIN 5051321009 IBADAT INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY D1 (A) Sir Humzah Jamshaid
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TOPIC: PHARMACY IN CHINESE ERA
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INTRODUCTION Presented By Komal Hayat
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Pharmacy in China involves the activities engaged in the preparation, standardization and dispensing of drugs. Pharmacists in China are responsible for the preparation of the dosage forms of drugs, such as tablets, capsules, and sterile solutions for injection. They compound physicians', dentists', and veterinarians' prescriptions for drugs. Pharmacological activities are also closely related to pharmacy in China.
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There are two main streams of pharmaceutical practice in China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) modern pharmacy. Hospital and community pharmacies are responsible for the dispensing of medicinal used for both streams of pharmaceutical practice. Chinese pharmacy, according to legend stems from the Shen Nung (about 2000 B.C ),emperor who sought out and investigated the medical value of several hundred herbs.
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ANCIENT HISTORY
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The beginnings of pharmacy in China are ancient According to legend, Shennong (about 2000 BCE) who sought out and investigated the medicinal value of several hundred herbs The most well-known work attributed to Shennong is The Divine Farmer's Herb-Root Classic. This work is considered to be the earliest Chinese pharmacopoeia.
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Shennong is credited with identifying hundreds of medical (and poisonous) herbs by personally testing their properties, which was crucial to the development of Traditional Chinese medicine. He reputed to have tested many of them on himself and to have written the first Penn T-Sao or native herbal recording 365 drugs, derived from minerals, plants, and animals. He died due to overdose of drugs because he tested the new medicine and drugs on him self
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HOSPITAL PHARMACY Presented By Haleema Sadia
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China has a long history of traditional medicine; although there are attempts to integrate the concepts of traditional and Western medicine, the practices are still segregated. Since 1949, health care in China has improved. The number of hospitals has increased. While medicines previously were scarce, China produces approximately 75 percent of the drugs it needs.
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All hospital pharmacies in China have the responsibilities to guarantee the safe and effective use of drugs within the hospital and to do research. Even though Chinese factories manufacture many pharmaceutical products, the hospital pharmacy must manufacture many more. A government resolution mandates that every hospital pharmacy do research. Each hospital has a medical supply committee that supervises the procurement of medical supplies and the reasonable use of drugs.
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RETAIL PHARMACY Presented By Amna Amjad
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Under planned reforms, China's retail pharmacies will begin selling a much higher volume of prescription drugs, and hospital pharmacies will eventually be restricted to dispensing prescriptions for inpatient use. Retail pharmacies' businesses will consist more and more of high-volume prescription drug sales and high-margin healthcare and personal-care products, including OTC drugs, health foods, family planning products, and beauty products, similar to a European or North American drugstore model.
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All retail pharmacies prior to January 2003 -– when WTO rules took effect – had by law must have been government-owned. In Beijing and Shanghai, the local governments stopped approving applications for new pharmacies about three years ago, but is allowing chain stores to increase their number of outlets. Therefore, any "new" retail pharmacy in these markets must be affiliated with an existing outlet.
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EDUCATION Presented By Shahroz Abbas
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Modern higher education in pharmacy in China began in the Qing Dynasty in 1906. Before the establishment of the People's Republic of China In 1949, there were 8 schools and universities offering pharmacy programs and degrees.
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In 1955, the first university to recruit postgraduate pharmacy students in the People's Republic of China was Beijing Medical College (currently known as Peking University Health Science Center). Today, there are more than 257 pharmacy schools and universities that offer the BS degree and higher degrees throughout China. In 2005, more than 6,000 graduates received BS degrees, 800 received MS degrees, and 290 received PhD degrees in pharmacy.
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SCHOOLS OF PHARMACY IN CHINA
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In the last ten years, one major structural change in the higher educational system was the merger of several medical and pharmacy schools with several major universities. There are 51 pharmaceutical institutions higher learning in China according to the statistics made by the end of 1995.
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Some Major Pharmacy Institutes in China are Peking University, Peking University Health Science Center- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Capital Medical University (CMU) Putian Institute Fujian Medical University Chinese University of Hong Kong - School of Pharmacy
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Licensing & regulation Presented By M.Ammada G
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Pharmacy laws generally include the regulations for the practice of pharmacy the sale of liquids the dispensing of narcotics the labeling and sale of dangerous drugs. The pharmacist sells and dispenses drugs within the provisions of the food and drug laws of the country in which he practices. These laws recognize the national pharmacopoeia (which defines products used in medicine, their purity, dosages, and other relevant data) as the standard for drugs.
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Regulatory bodies with responsibilities related to pharmacy are: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine Ministry of Health State Food and Drug Administration National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products Ministry of Agriculture REGULATORY BODIES
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RESEARCH Presented By Daim Hussain Bangash
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Pharmaceutical research, in Chinese schools of pharmacy, embraces the organic chemical synthesis of new chemical agents for use as drugs and is also concerned with the isolation and purification of plant constituents that might be useful as drugs. Research in pharmacy also includes formulation of dosage forms of medicaments and study of their stability, methods of assay, and standardization.
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ORGANIZATIONS
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There are numerous pharmacy-related organizations. The Chinese Pharmaceutical Association (CPA) is the national organization of pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists with the mission to represent and serve pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences development in China. CPA was founded in 1907, it now has nearly 3000 senior individual members and 35 group members.
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Through its group members, CPA connects, represents and serves more than 105,000 pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists around the country. The CPA is a member of the International Pharmaceutical Federation.
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Thank You