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Pharmacology of The Eye PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Pharmacology of the eye" by Synek, S.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the pharmacology of the eye which involves the study of drugs that affect the function and structure of the eye. This includes drugs used to treat various eye conditions, such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, and conjunctivitis, among others. Here are some of the key drugs used in ophthalmology:

Antiglaucoma medications: These medications are used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. Examples include beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogs, alpha-agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Anti-inflammatory drugs: These drugs are used to reduce inflammation in the eye caused by conditions such as uveitis and conjunctivitis. Examples include corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Antibiotics: These drugs are used to treat bacterial infections of the eye, such as conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers. Examples include penicillin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin.
Antiviral drugs: These drugs are used to treat viral infections of the eye, such as herpes simplex and herpes zoster. Examples include acyclovir and ganciclovir.
Anti-allergy drugs: These drugs are used to treat allergic conjunctivitis, which is caused by an allergic reaction. Examples include antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers.
Mydriatics: These drugs are used to dilate the pupils for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Examples include atropine, cyclopentolate, and phenylephrine.
Local anesthetics: These drugs are used to numb the eye for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Examples include lidocaine and tetracaine.
Ophthalmic lubricants: These drugs are used to relieve dry eye syndrome and other conditions that cause dryness and discomfort in the eye. Examples include artificial tears and ointments.

Its important to note that all medications used in ophthalmology should be prescribed by a qualified ophthalmologist and used according to their instructions.

Tags : pharmacology of the eye, glaucoma, macular degeneration, conjunctivitis, Antiglaucoma medications, pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals PowerPoint presentations

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1915 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

Pharmacology of the eye Synek, S. Department of Optometry and Ortoptics Medical Faculty, MU, Brno
Slide 2-

Barriers to drug delivery Compliance Poor technique Short residence time Wash out from tears
Slide 3-

Compliance Physical barrier: poor vision, arthritic fingers, severe kyphosis Cognitive: decline, poor memory Range of aides: memoire, gadget
Slide 4-

Local drug effectiveness Drug design: pH, solubility, molecular size will affect drug passage crossing cornea- it must be water and lipid soluble More viscous may be retained longer Toxicity: keratopathy punctata
Slide 5-

Ways of administration Topically- drops or ointment Periocular injection- subconjunctival, subtennons Intravitreal injection: antiVGF, antibiotics, corticosteroids, Oral and intravenouos dosing: antibiotics, corticosteroids, antivirotics, antimetabolits, diuretics
Slide 6-

Aplication of drops
Slide 7-

Aplication of ointment
Slide 8-

Aplication with glass stick
Slide 9-

Rinse out
Slide 10-

Retrobulbar injection
Slide 11-

Bandage with safety shell
Slide 12-

Bandage
Slide 13-

Bandage
Slide 14-

Wet chamber
Slide 15-

Drugs Ophthalmic Dyes Anesthetic agent Dilating agents Lubricants Hyper osmotic agents Anti allergy medications Anti-infective agents Immunosuppressive agents Glaucoma agents
Slide 16-

Ophthalmic Dyes Fluorescein- stain epithelial defect, will not stain devitelized cell, stain soft contact lens, promote growth of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, angiography Lissamine green-dry eye evaluation Rose bengal-stain devitelized cells, mucin Indocyanine green-angiography Trypan blue-stain lens capsula, epiretinal membrane
Slide 17-

Comparative staining
Slide 18-

Ulcus corneae Fluorescein staining
Slide 19-

Bengal Rose staining Dry eye
Slide 20-

Lyssamine green stain Dead cells
Slide 21-

Anesthetics agents Tetracain 0,5% - corneal or conjunctival foreign body, photoelectric ophthalmia, intraocular surgery Topical, intracameral, subconjunctival, subtenons, parabulbar
Slide 22-

Dilating drugs (mydriatics)
Slide 23-

Cataract
Slide 24-

Indication for cycloplegic refraction Strabismus Amblyopia Anisometropia Pseudomyopia Hyperopia with esophoria or lag of accomodation Unstabile end point on static retinoscopy Uncooperrative child
Slide 25-

Efficiency of cycloplegics 1% atropin 100% 1% cyclopentolate 92% 1% tropicamide 80% 5% homatropine 54%
Slide 26-

Ocular Side effect Allergic Contact dermatitis Angle-closure glaucoma Elevation of IOP with open angles
Slide 27-

Systemic side effect of atropine Tachycardia, dry mouth mydriasis, confusion, decreased GI motility, ataxia, hallucination, convulsion, coma
Slide 28-

New treatment modality of myopia 0,01% atropin drops
Slide 29-

Ophthalmic lubricants Hydroxyethylcellulose Polyvinyl alcohol 1,4 – 3% Dextran 70% Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0,5 – 1% Carboxymethylcellulose
Slide 30-

Ophthalmic lubricants Povidone Glycerine 1% Polysorbate 1% Polyethylen glycol 0,4% Propylene glycol 0,3%
Slide 31-

Preservative in Ophthalmic lubricants Thiomersal EDTA Chlorobutanol Benzalkonium chloride Chlorobutanol Methylparaben Purite Polyquaternium-1 None
Slide 32-

Dry eye questionnaire Have you ever had drops for dry eye? Do you ever experience of the following eye symptomes? Soreness, scratchiness, dryness, grittiness, burning How often do you have these symptomes? Do you regard your eye as being sensitive to smoke, smog, air condition?
Slide 33-

do you take antihistaminic, diuretics, sleeping tablets, tranquilizers , stomach medicine, high pressure medicines? Do you have arthritis? Are your joint fingers swollen in the morning? Do you have dryness of the nose, mouth or dry cough?
Slide 34-

Do you have thyroid abnormality? Do you ever awaken with eye irritation or excessive dried mucus in the corners of you eye?
Slide 35-

Medicaments that can affect tear quality Antibiotics (tetracycline) Antihypertensive Botulotoxin Dermatologicals (isotretinoin) Psychomimetics (diazepam, thioridazine) Topical betablockers Antihistamines Diuretics Long term antiperspirants
Slide 36-

Topical hyperosmotic agents 2-5% NaCl solution 40% glucose solution 5% NaCl ointment 40% glucose ointment Bulous keratopathy
Slide 37-

Anti-allergy medication Topical Decongestants Antihistamines Systemic antihistamines Sedative effects Antihistamine activity Anticholinergic activity Allergic conjuctivitis
Slide 38-

Anti-infective agents Antibiotics Virostatics Antimycotics
Slide 39-

Deep Keratitis herpetica Ulcus corneae Endoftalmitis mycotica
Slide 40-

Glaucoma therapy
Slide 41-

Narrow angle
Slide 42-

Glaucoma Congenital Juvenil Open angle Close angle
Slide 43-

Acute Glaucoma
Slide 44-

Therapy Drops Laser Surgery (glaucoma implants)
Slide 45-

Normal Glaucoma excavation
Slide 46-

Drops Lowering intraocular pressure / miotics, alfa sympatomimetics, prostaglandins Lowering intraocular pressure: betablockers, inhibitors carboanhydrasis Osmotic agents Drops which raise outflow of intraocular humour, pilocarapine
Slide 47-

ppt slide no 47 content not found
Slide 48-

Lowering intraocular pressure: betablockers, inhibitors carboanhydrasis