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Pediatric Pharmacology - Antibiotics PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Pediatrics, which is titled "Pediatric Pharmacology - Antibiotics", to know about Pediatric Pharmacology and Antibiotics.

Tags : Pediatrics, Pediatric Pharmacology, Antibiotics

Published on : Aug 02, 2021 | Views : 1572 | Downloads : 1

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Dr.Azad A Haleem AL.Brefkani University Of Duhok College of pharmacy Pediatrics Department azad82d@gmail.com 2016
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ANTIBIOTICS Antibiotics can be defined as substances capable of killing & inhibiting the growth of micro organisms
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Mechanism of action Inhibition of cell wall synthesis : Penicillins Cephalosporins Monobactams Vancomycin DNA gyrase: RNA polymerase Inhibition of • Inhibition of protein synthesis: Quinolones Rifampicin Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Erythromycin Chloramphenicol Inhibition of folic acid metabolism: Trimethoprim Sulfonamides
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Bacteriostatic vs. bactericidal drugs Bacteriostatic arrest the growth and replication of bacteria at serum levels achievable in the patient. limit the spread of infection while the body's immune system attacks, immobilizes, and eliminates the pathogens. If the drug is removed before the immune system has scavenged the organisms, enough viable organisms may remain to begin a second cycle of infection.
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Bactericidal – kill bacteria at drug serum levels achievable in the patient. - often drugs of choice in seriously ill patients. It is possible for ATB to be bacteriostatic for one organism and bactericidal for another.
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Antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial activity: the ability that a drug kills or suppresses the growth of microorganisms. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) the minimum amount of a drug required to inhibit the growth of bacteria in vitro. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) the minimum amount of a drug required to kill bacteria in vitro
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Classification of antibacterial agents Bactericidal β-lactam agents Aminoglycosides Co-trimoxazole Vancomycin Bacteriostatic Erythromycin Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Sulfonamides
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Chemotherapeutic spectra Narrow spectrum only against a single or a limited group of microorganisms, e.g. INH is active only against mycobacteria. Broad spectrum affect a wide variety of microbial species. e.g. tetracycline and chloramphenicol Alter the normal bacterial flora ???? precipitate a superinfection of an organism, e.g., candida.
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Drug resistance growth of bacteria is not halted by the maximal level of that antibiotic that can be tolerated by the host. Primary Some organisms are inherently resistant to an antibiotic e.g., gram-negative organisms are inherently resistant to vancomycin. Secondary spontaneous mutation or acquired resistance and selection. Cross-resistance resistant to more than one antibiotic.
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