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Paranasal Air Sinuses PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "PARANASAL AIR SINUSES" by Dr. Sushma Tomar.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the paranasal air sinuses, a group of four paired air-filled cavities located within the bones of the skull surrounding the nasal cavity. The four pairs of sinuses are:

Maxillary sinuses - located in the maxillary bone, the largest of the sinuses and are located below the eyes.
Frontal sinuses - located in the frontal bone, above the eyes.
Ethmoid sinuses - located in the ethmoid bone, between the eyes.
Sphenoid sinuses - located in the sphenoid bone, behind the ethmoid sinuses.

The function of these sinuses is not entirely clear, but it is believed that they help to lighten the weight of the skull and provide resonance to the voice. They also serve to warm, moisten, and filter the air that passes through the nose.

The paranasal air sinuses are lined with mucous membranes that produce mucus, which helps to keep the nasal passages moist and trap foreign particles, such as dust and bacteria. When the sinuses become inflamed or infected, a condition known as sinusitis can occur, which can cause symptoms such as facial pain, headache, congestion, and a feeling of pressure in the face. Treatment for sinusitis may include medications to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms, as well as antibiotics to treat any underlying bacterial infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to open the sinuses and allow for better drainage.

Tags : paranasal air sinuses, nasal cavity, Maxillary sinuses, Frontal sinuses, Sphenoid sinuses, Ethmoid sinuses

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1811 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

PARANASAL AIR SINUSES Presented by:- Dr. Sushma Tomar Associate Professor Department of Anatomy
Slide 2-

Lesson Plan Introduction. Classification. Relationship to the orbit. Frontal Air Sinuses: Introduction. Drainage & Nerve Supply. Measurements. Relations. Applied Aspects. Maxillary Air Sinuses: Introduction. Presenting Parts. Drainage. Arterial Supply. Lymphatic drainage. Nerve Supply. Applied Aspects. Ethmoidal Air Sinuses: Introduction. Drainage. Applied Aspects. Sphenoidal Air Sinuses: Introduction. Drainage. Relations. Applied Aspects.
Slide 3-

Introduction Air-containing cavities in the bones around nasal cavity. Paranasal air sinuses develop as mucosal diverticulae of nasal cavity, invading the adjacent bones. Paranasal air sinuses perform the following functions: Make the skull lighter. Add resonance to the voice. Act as air conditioning chambers by making the inspired air moist and warm. Aid in growth of facial skeleton. Paranasal air sinuses are lined by respiratory epithelium and respiratory mucosa is highly vascular and contains a large number of cavernous spaces and sinusoids to warm the air. Respiratory mucosa also contains a large number of serous glands and secretion of these glands makes the air moist.
Slide 4-

Classification Paranasal air sinuses are named after the bones containing them, viz, Frontal air sinuses. Ethmoidal air sinuses. Maxillary air sinuses. Sphenoidal air sinuses. All paranasal air sinuses are present in rudimentary form at birth except frontal air sinuses.
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Relationship to the Orbit Frontal air sinus- above. Ethmoidal air sinuses- medial. Maxillary air sinus- below. Sphenoidal air sinus- behind.
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Frontal Air Sinuses
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Introduction Frontal air sinuses are not present at birth. Start developing 2 or 3 years after birth. Number- 2. Shape- Triangular. Lie between inner and outer tables of frontal bone. Right frontal air sinus is separated from the left by a septum.
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Drainage & Nerve Supply Drainage- Drains into anterior part of hiatus semilunaris of middle meatus through frontonasal duct. Nerve Supply- Supraorbital nerve. Hiatus Semilunaris
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Measurements Height- ~ 3 cm Width- 2.5 cm Anteroposterior- 1.8 cm
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Relations of Frontal Air Sinus Anterior- Superciliary arch of forehead. Posterior- Meninges and frontal lobe of brain. Inferior- Roof of nose. Roof of orbit (medial part). Ethmoidal air cells. Frontal air sinus Frontal lobe
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Applied Aspects Frontal Headache (Office Headache) Headache from frontal sinusitis shows characteristic periodicity. It starts on waking, gradually increases and reaches its peak by about midday and then starts subsiding.
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Applied Aspects contd… Frontal Lobe Abscess- Infection of frontal air sinus may spread posteriorly into frontal lobe of brain causing frontal lobe abscess. Frontal air sinus
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Applied Aspects contd… Orbital Cellulitis- Infection of frontal air sinus may spread inferiorly into orbit causing orbital cellulitis.
Slide 14-

Maxillary Sinus (Antrum of Highmore)
Slide 15-

Introduction Largest paranasal air sinus. Present in body of maxilla. First to develop. Appears around 4th month of intrauterine life.
Slide 16-

Maxillary Sinus contd… SHAPE- Pyramidal. Base- Directed medially. Formed by a part of lateral wall of nose. Opening or ostium of the sinus is present in the upper part of base, close to the roof. Apex- Directed laterally. Extends into zygomatic process of maxilla. Roof- Formed by the floor of orbital cavity. Infraorbital nerve and artery traverse the roof in a bony canal. Floor- Formed by the alveolar process of maxilla. Lies ~1.25 cm below the floor of nasal cavity. Zygomatic bone Ostium of Maxillary air sinus
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Floor of Maxillary Sinus contd… The level of floor corresponds to the ala of nose. Normally the roots of first and second molar teeth project into the floor. Sometimes roots of third molar, first and second premolars may project into the floor. Rarely, root of canine may project into the floor. Sometimes roots of teeth are separated from the sinus only by a thin layer of mucosa.
Slide 19-

Base of Maxillary Sinus It is formed by medial surface of body of maxilla and some other bones. In maxilla, medial surface of its body presents a large maxillary hiatus. In the skull, base of maxillary sinus presents a small opening ( ostium). Maxillary Hiatus
Slide 20-

Reduction of large maxillary hiatus to small ostium It occurs by the following bones: Uncinate process of ethmoid. Descending process of lacrimal. Ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha. Perpendicular plate of palatine.
Slide 21-

Maxillary Sinus contd… Anterior wall- Has a curved bony canal for anterior superior alveolar nerve – Canalis Sinuosus. Posterior wall- Separates the sinus from infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. It is pierced by the posterior superior alveolar nerves and vessels.
Slide 22-

Drainage In posterior part of hiatus semilunaris of middle meatus. Hiatus Semilunaris Opening of Maxillary Sinus
Slide 23-

Arterial Supply Anterior superior alveolar artery. Middle superior alveolar artery. Posterior superior alveolar artery.
Slide 24-

Lymphatic Drainage Submandibular lymph nodes.
Slide 25-

Nerve Supply Anterior superior alveolar nerve. Middle superior alveolar nerve. Posterior superior alveolar nerve.
Slide 26-

Applied Aspects Maxillary Sinusitis- Maxillary sinus is the most commonly infected paranasal air sinus. The opening of maxillary sinus is in a disadvantageous position for natural drainage. Sources of infection: Infected nose. Carious upper premolar and molar teeth. Infected frontal and anterior ethmoidal air sinuses.
Slide 27-

Surgical Drainage of Maxillary Sinus Antral puncture (Antrostomy)- Trocar and canula are passed below the inferior nasal concha in an outward and backward direction. Caldwell-Luc operation- Maxillary sinus is opened through gingiva-labial sulcus.
Slide 28-

Applied Aspects contd… Carcinoma of Maxillary Sinus- Arises from mucosa of the sinus. Clinical Features- Due to upward invasion: Proptosis (protrusion of eyeball). Diplopia (double vision). Pain and anaesthesia over the face below the orbit. Due to downward invasion: Swelling or even ulceration of palatal roof of oral cavity. Due to medial invasion: Nasal obstruction. Epistaxis. Epiphora (overflow of tears). Due to lateral invasion: Swelling on the face and palpable mass in gingiva-labial sulcus. Due to posterior invasion: Referred pain to upper teeth.
Slide 29-

Ethmoidal Sinuses
Slide 30-

Introduction Present within labyrinth of ethmoid bone. Between upper part of lateral nasal wall and orbit. 3 groups: Anterior (up to 11 air cells). Middle (1-3 air cells). Posterior (1-7 air cells).
Slide 31-

Drainage Anterior group drains into middle part of hiatus seminularis of middle meatus. Middle group drains on the surface of bulla ethmoidalis of middle meatus. Posterior group drains into posterior part of superior meatus.
Slide 32-

Applied Aspects Ethmoidal Sinusitis- Often asoociated with infection of other sinuses. Clinical Features- Localized pain over bridge of nose. Due to invasion into the orbit- Orbital cellulitis.
Slide 33-

Sphenoidal Sinuses
Slide 34-

Introduction Number- 2 (right and left) Lie within the body of sphenoid bone. Separated from each other by a bony septum. Bony Septum
Slide 35-

Drainage Into sphenoethmoidal recess.
Slide 36-

Relations
Slide 37-

Applied Aspects Sphenoidal Sinusitis- One of The Most Dangerous Sinus Infection. It is rare in isolation. It is usually a part of pansinusitis. It may be associated with infection of posterior ethmoidal sinuses.
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