Download Free Medical Pancreas: Anatomy Physiology Investigations Congenital anomalies PowerPoint Presentation

Pancreas: Anatomy Physiology Investigations Congenital anomalies PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : This medical presentation on cancer titled "Pancreas: Anatomy, Physiology, Investigations Congenital anomalies" talks about pancreas, its anatomy, physiology, investigations, and congenital anomalies.

Tags : Pancreas, Cancer, Anatomy, Physiology, Investigations Congenital anomalies, Embryology, Pancreatic Ducts, Arterial Supply, Venous Drainage, Lymphatic Drainage, Histology, Pancreatic Exocrine Enzymes, Investigations, Pancreas divisum, Cystic fibrosis, Annular pancreas, Ectopic pancreas

Published on : May 03, 2021 | Views : 2287 | Downloads : 12

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Pancreas: Anatomy, Physiology, Investigations Congenital anomalies Dr Amit Gupta Associate Professor Dept of Surgery
Slide 2-

Anatomy Lies transversely in the retroperitoneal space, between the duodenum on the right and the spleen on the left Related anteriorly to the omental bursa above, the greater sac below, and the transverse mesocolon Fixed organ
Slide 3-

level of the L2 vertebra From the duodenal C loop to the hilum of the spleen Divided into four parts
Slide 4-

Cross-sectional relation of the pancreas to other abdominal structures
Slide 5-

Embryology
Slide 6-

Pancreatic Ducts Main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung), joins the CBD to empty into the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater Diameter -- 2 to 4 mm Pressure --15 to 30 mm Hg
Slide 7-

Lesser duct (duct of Santorini) Drains superior portion of head of the Pancreas Empties separately into the 2nd part of duodenum through the minor papilla
Slide 8-

Arterial Supply Celiac Superior mesenteric artery Splenic artery
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

Venous Drainage Suprapancreatic portal vein Retropancreatic portal vein Splenic veins Infrapancreatic SMV
Slide 11-

Lymphatic Drainage Drain into five main nodal groups Superior nodes drain the upper half of the head of the pancreas Anterior lymphatic drain to the prepyloric and infrapyloric nodes Inferior group of nodes drain to the superior mesenteric and periaortic nodes Posterior pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes drain into right periaortic nodes Splenic group of nodes drain into the interceliomesenteric lymph nodes
Slide 12-

The absence of a peritoneal barrier on the posterior surface of the pancreas results in direct communication of the intrapancreatic lymphatics with retroperitoneal tissues, and this contributes to the high incidence of recurrence after presumably curative resections of pancreatic cancer
Slide 13-

ppt slide no 13 content not found
Slide 14-

Histology Exocrine Structure Acinar cells secrete the enzymes responsible for digestion Ductular network carry the exocrine secretions into the duodenum Constitute 80% to 90% of the pancreatic mass
Slide 15-

Endocrine Structure Islets of Langerhans responsible for the secretion of hormones that control glucose homeostasis Contains alpha (A)-- glucagon beta (B)-- insulin delta (D)-- somatostatin pancreatic polypeptide (PP) or F cells– PP Accounts for 2% of the pancreatic mass
Slide 16-

Pancreatic Exocrine Enzymes
Slide 17-

Pancreatic Endocrine Enzymes
Slide 18-

Investigations Serum Markers Amylase, lipase, trypsinogen, and elastase CA 19.9 (Tumor Marker) Lundh meal test Ultrasound EUS CECT Scan MRCP ERCP
Slide 19-

Ultrasound image of normal pancreas (left) and acute pancreatitis (right). Evidence of parenchymal edema and peripancreatic fluid accumulation is seen
Slide 20-

Non necrotizing acute pancreatitis
Slide 21-

ppt slide no 21 content not found
Slide 22-

Congenital Anomalies
Slide 23-

The complex process by which the dorsal and ventral pancreatic primordia fuse during pancreatic development gives rise to congenital variations
Slide 24-

Agenesis Very rarely, the pancreas may be totally absent The homeodomain transcription factor IPF1 (PDX1) is critical for the development of the pancreas, and germ line (inherited) homozygous mutations in the IPF1 gene on chromosome 13q12.1 have been reported in a patient with pancreatic agenesis
Slide 25-

Pancreas divisum Most common clinically significant Incidence of 3% to 10% Caused by a failure of the fetal duct systems of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic primordia to fuse
Slide 26-

ppt slide no 26 content not found
Slide 27-

Cystic fibrosis Autosomal recessive More in Caucasians Incidence 1 in 2500 live births in U.K. Defect is mutation in CFTR gene on Ch 7 High levels of Na2+,Cl2- ions in sweat
Slide 28-

Annular pancreas Develops when one portion of the ventral pancreatic primordium becomes fixed, while the other portion of this primordium is drawn around the 2nd or 3rd duodenum Can be associated with congenital duodenal atresia/ stenosis Common in children with Down’s syndrome Present with signs and symptoms of duodenal obstruction such as gastric distention and vomiting Tx- Duodenoduodenostomy
Slide 29-

ppt slide no 29 content not found
Slide 30-

Ectopic pancreas Found in about 2% autopsy specimen Sites for ectopia are stomach and duodenum, followed by the jejunum, Meckel diverticula, and ileum May cause pain from localized inflammation, or, rarely, may incite mucosal bleeding Approximately 2% of islet cell tumors arise in ectopic pancreatic tissue.