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Neurophysiology-Neurons PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Neurology, which is titled "Neurophysiology - Neurons", to know about the basic function of the nervous system and understand the parts of a neuron.

Tags : Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurons, function, nervous system

Published on : Aug 23, 2021 | Views : 3074 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

BIO 132 Neurophysiology Lecture 2 Neurons
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Lecture Goals: Understanding the basic function of the nervous system. Understanding the parts of a neuron.
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Neuron – A specialized cell of the body that can communicate information quickly by using ionic currents and chemical signals called neurotransmitters. Nerve - Many neurons that are bundled together and covered by a connective tissue sheath. Nervous System – The entire network of interconnecting neurons.
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Overall function of the nervous system: To control motor output of the body based on sensory information it detects from both the internal and external environments of the body.
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There are ~100 billion neurons in the brain. (Current population is less than 7 billion people.) Each neuron can make one to thousands of connections with other neurons. Glial cells are support cells of the nervous system There are ~10 times as many glial cells as there are neurons. Used to nourish, insulate, direct growth of neurons.
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Parts of a typical neuron: Neuron Morphology Cell body Axon Dendrites Axon terminal
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Contains most of the cellular machinery of the neuron (nucleus, ER, mitochondria, golgi complex, etc). Is where most the synthesis of new cellular products occurs. Cell Body (soma) Cell body
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Means “tree” in Latin. Main site where input is received from other neurons. Dendrites Dendrites
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Long projection from cell body that carries an ionic signal, called an action potential, to other neurons. Can be very short or very long (up to 6 feet in humans). Can send off many branches (collaterals). Axon Axon
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Is at the end of each axon. Contains vesicles filled with neurotransmitter. Forms a connection with another neuron, called a synapse. Axon Terminal Axon terminal
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There are several conventions for classifying neurons: By neurites (projections from the cell body). By dendrite shape. By connections. By neurotransmitter released Classifying Neurons
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Unipolar neuron - A single neurite (projection from cell body: Bipolar – Two neurites (both part of the axon) Multipolar – Many neurites (usually one axon and many denrites) Classification By Neurites
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Primary sensory – dendrites detect external stimuli. Motor - makes a direct connection with skeletal muscle. Interneuron - only makes connections with other neurons. (Most numerous type) Classification By Connections Stimuli
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Based on the type of neurotransmitter released. Examples: Cholinergic Noradrenergic GABAergic Glutamatergic Dopaminergic Classification By Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (ACh) Norepinephrine (NE) GABA Glutamate (Glu) Dopamine (DA)
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Astrocytes Most numerous Fill the space between neurons Envelope synapses to limit the spread of neurotransmitters Regulate chemical content of extracellular fluid Remove neurotransmitters from synapse Myelinating glia – insulate axons from ion leakage Oligodentrites Found in Central NS and spinal cord Can wrap around several axons Schwann cells Found in peripheral NS Wrap around a single axon Classifying Glia