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Maxillofacial Trauma Reconstruction of Facial Defects PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Maxillofacial Trauma Reconstruction of Facial Defects" by Julianna Pesce.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about maxillofacial trauma reconstruction, the process of restoring the form and function of the face after a traumatic injury or defect. Facial defects resulting from trauma can have significant effects on a persons physical appearance, speech, chewing, and breathing, among other functions. Therefore, it is essential to reconstruct the damaged facial structures to improve the patients quality of life.

There are several methods for maxillofacial trauma reconstruction, depending on the extent and location of the injury. Some of the common techniques used in facial reconstruction include:

Bone Grafting: Bone grafting involves taking bone from one part of the body, such as the hip, and transplanting it to the site of the facial defect. This technique is used to reconstruct larger defects in the jaw, cheekbones, or eye socket.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction: Soft tissue reconstruction involves using tissue flaps from nearby areas of the body, such as the forehead or neck, to repair the damaged facial tissue. This technique is commonly used to repair defects in the lips, nose, or forehead.
Facial Implants: Facial implants are prosthetic devices that are surgically placed to restore the contours of the face. These implants can be made of silicone, Gore-Tex, or other materials, and are commonly used to reconstruct the chin or cheekbones.
Distraction Osteogenesis: This is a technique that involves the gradual separation of two parts of bone to create new bone growth. It is commonly used to lengthen the jaw or cheekbones in cases where there is a significant defect.
Microvascular Surgery: Microvascular surgery involves the transfer of tissue from one part of the body to another using microsurgical techniques. This technique is commonly used to reconstruct defects in the face or jaw caused by cancer, trauma, or congenital abnormalities.

In conclusion, maxillofacial trauma reconstruction is a complex process that requires careful planning and execution to achieve optimal outcomes. The choice of technique depends on the location and extent of the injury, as well as the patients individual needs and goals. A skilled and experienced maxillofacial surgeon can help determine the most appropriate technique for each patient and guide them through the reconstruction process to restore their quality of life.

Tags : Maxillofacial Trauma Reconstruction of Facial Defects, traumatic injury, Bone Grafting, Soft Tissue Reconstruction, Facial Implants, Distraction Osteogenesis, Microvascular Surgery, Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 857 | Downloads : 4

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Slide 1-

Cummings Ch 23/24Maxillofacial TraumaReconstruction of Facial Defects Julianna Pesce
Slide 2-

Anatomy Upper Third Frontal bones Middle Third Zygomas, orbits, maxillae, nasal bones Lower Third Mandible
Slide 3-

Evaluation and Diagnosis ABCs Airway High rate of c-spine fractures if facial trauma PE scalp, forehead Orbits/vision, zygomas, nasal bones, septum, maxillae Teeth, mandible, occlusion Sensation, facial nerve function CT is workhorse
Slide 4-

Frontal Sinus Anterior/posterior table, comminution, thickness Sakas and colleagues: the more central and the more severe the fracture, more likely csf leakage
Slide 5-

Frontal Sinus Repair Is exploration necessary? Is obliteration necessary? Anterior wall for cosmesis Posterior wall to protect anterior cranial fossa If nasofrontal ducts involved may lead to infection Obliteration via cranialization if posterior wall severely comminuted
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Le Fort Le Fort I Horizontal maxillary fx Le Fort II Pyramidal fx Le Fort III Complete craniofacial separation
Slide 7-

Midface Repair Reestablish buttress system Horizontal butresses serve as connectors across vertical buttresses Lateral vertical buttress of midface extends from frontal bone along frontozygomatic area down across zygomaticomaxillary area Medial vertical buttress extends from frontal bone across frontonasal region and down across nasomaxillary junction
Slide 8-

NOE A: type 1- solid central segment to which medial canthus is attached B: type II- more comminuted but still central segment to which medial canthus is intact C: type III- completely comminuted
Slide 9-

NOE repair Difficult, esp if comminuted Ensure positioning and fixation of canthal ligament to prevent telecanthus If medial canthal ligaments attached to central bone– stablize bone to surrouding skeleton If comminuted expose ligament and fix to frontal bone
Slide 10-

Mandible Symphyseal, parasymphyseal, body, angle, ramus, condyle, coronoid Favorable vs unfavorable: Upward forces of temporalis and masseter Downward forces of suprahyoid musculature Almost all angle fxs are unfavorable
Slide 11-

Occlusion Angles Classification Class I: mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary 1st molar rests withing mesiobuccal groove of mandibular 1st molar Class II: maxillary molar is more anterior Class III: maxillary molar is more posterior
Slide 12-

Mandible Repair Occlusion! Plating if displaced, comminuted, unfavorable Subcondylar fxs are controversial MMF Open reduction if condylar displacement into middle fossa, inability to obtain reduction, lateral extacapsular displacement of condyle, invasion by foreign body Teeth in fracture line: pull if infected
Slide 13-

Surgical Approach Upper third Coronal Middle third Gillies, gingivobuccal, Upper lid blepharoplasty Transconj, subciliary Lower third Transoral Transcervical
Slide 14-

COCLIA Review the LeFort Fracture levels When would you obliterate a frontal sinus fracture and what would you use? What are indications for opening a condyle fracture? Discuss subciliary vs transconjunctival approach to orbital fractures.
Slide 15-

Le Fort Le Fort I Horizontal maxillary fx Le Fort II Pyramidal fx Le Fort III Complete craniofacial separation
Slide 16-

Frontal sinus fractures and obliteration are controversial Posterior table displaced more than one table width Very comminuted fractures Persistant csf leak Obliteration with fat, bone, pericranial fat
Slide 17-

Condyle Absolute indications for ORIF Displacement into middle cranial fossa Inability to obtain occlusion Lateral extracapsular dislocation Foreign body or contaminated open wound Relative ORIF Bilateral condylar fracture in edentulous mandible Bilateral condylar fracture with midface fracture
Slide 18-

Orbital Approach Subciliary Higher risk of lower lid retraction Transconjunctival
Slide 19-

Facial Defects Local flaps: Pivotal Advancement hinged
Slide 20-

Pivotal flaps Move towards defect by rotating base of flap around pivot point Rotational Transposition Interpolated The greater the degree of pivot, the shorter the length
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Advancement flaps Move towards defect by stretching or recoiling the tissue of the flap Unipedicle Bipedicle V-Y and V-V
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Nasal repair Small defects with adjacent nasal skin Full thickness skin graft for shallow defects Interpolated paramedian forehead flap or melolabial flap for deeper defect Full thickness requires replacement of internal lining, structural support with cartilage or bone, external coverage with interpolated cheek or forehead flap
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Lip reconstruction Less than one half with primary wound closure or local flap ½ to 2/3 require full thickness flap from opposite lip or cheek Full thickness >2/3 need regional flap or vascularized microsurgical flap
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