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Lipids Metabolism PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Lipids Metabolism" by AKRAM GASMELSID ABDALLA MUKHTAR, TAN CHEE KHUAN, TEY GIM CHONG and CHEK YIN HUAY.

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about Lipid metabolism which refers to the biochemical processes involved in the synthesis, breakdown, and modification of lipids in cells. Lipids are a diverse group of biomolecules that include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and sterols. These molecules play important roles in the structure and function of cell membranes, energy storage, and signaling.

The metabolism of lipids begins with the digestion of dietary fats in the small intestine. Fats are broken down into their component fatty acids and glycerol by the action of lipases and bile salts. These components are then absorbed by intestinal cells and transported to the liver.

In the liver, fatty acids and glycerol are converted into triglycerides and packaged into very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) for transport to other tissues. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) on the surface of capillary endothelial cells removes the triglycerides from the VLDLs, releasing fatty acids for uptake by the tissues.

The fatty acids can then be used for energy production through beta-oxidation in the mitochondria or stored in adipose tissue as triglycerides. Adipose tissue also synthesizes and releases hormones called adipokines, which regulate energy balance and metabolism.

Phospholipids and cholesterol are also important components of cell membranes and are synthesized in the liver and other tissues. Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and is also a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D.

The metabolism of lipids is tightly regulated by a complex network of enzymes and signaling pathways. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism can lead to a range of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Tags : Lipid metabolism, endocrinology, endocrinology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Apr 18, 2023 | Views : 1977 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

Lipids Metabolism
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Prepared by AKRAM GASMELSID ABDALLA MUKHTAR akram.abdalla@mmu.edu.my TAN CHEE KHUAN tan.chee.khuan01@mmu.edu.my TEY GIM CHONG tey.gim.chong02@mmu.edu.my CHEK YIN HUAY chek.yin.huay01@mmu.edu.my
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Objectives To determine the interrelationship between the lipids intake and human physiology To analyze how different individual and gender react to different amount of intake To identify the optimal intake to prevent exceeding and shortage of lipids in diet
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Definition of Lipids Substances in dairy foods Known as fats and oils Hydrophobic and soluble in ethanol like alcohol, petroleum and chloroform Classified into 2 general types Fats and waxes (can be hydrolyzed with ester linkages) cholesterol and steroids (cannot be hydrolyzed)
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Type of Lipids Saturated fat Animal oil like meat, milk, butter Vegetable oil like coconut and palm kernel oil Polyunsaturated fat Plan source like safflower, corn, cottonseed, sunflower oil and soybean oil Monounsaturated fat Plant and animal product like olive oil, canola oil, avocado and peanut oil
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Lipids Functions Excellent energy reserves Structure of cell membranes Organ padding Body thermal insulation Essential fatty acids (EFA) Hormone synthesis Fat soluble vitamin absorption
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Lipids Disorder Lipids deficiency (Shortage in Lipids intake) Lipids exceeding (Overtaking in Lipids intake)
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Lipids Deficiency Fat should comprise of 3% of total calories to prevent fatty acid deficiency Fatty acid deficiency syndromes Dry scaly skin, dermatitis (Linoleic acid deficiency) Hand tremors (Prostaglandin deficiency) Inability to control blood pressure
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Lipids Exceeding Fat should comprise not more than 30% of total calories to prevent lipids exceeding To prevent overtaking, we should consume fat breakdown (% total calories) <8% from saturated fat 10% from polyunsaturated fat 10-15% from monounsaturated fat
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Body Mass Index Current best single gauge for body fat BMI =(Weight in Kg)/((Height in cm )(Height in cm)) X 10,000
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Health Problems Energy Intake > Energy needed = Lipids overtaking Develop medical problem Cancer Heart disease Diabetes Obesity High blood pressure High blood cholesterol
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Cholesterol Plant and animal food contain sterols but only animal food contain cholesterol Why? Cholesterol is made in the liver and plants do no have a liver Cholesterol is needed to make bile, sex hormones, steroids and vitamin D. It is the constituent of cell membrane structure Dietary recommendation - <300 mg/d Sources – egg yolks, liver, shellfish, organ foods
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Lipoproteins Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) – is made by the liver and is comprised of cholesterol that is delivered to the cells in the body High levels of LDL is strongly correlated with heart disease High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) - made by the liver and picks up cholesterol from the cells fro recycling or excretion High levels of HDL is inversely correlated with heart disease It is protective
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Blood levels for Lipids Total Cholesterol: <200 mg/dl = desirable 200-239 mg/dl = borderline hyperlipidemia >240 mg/dl = hyperlipidemia LDL < 130 mg/dl is favorable HDL > 35 mg/dl is favorable
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Simulator Experimentalist & Scientist to study lipids metabolism End Users To identify the optimal lipids intake in diet
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Simulation Biology + Mathematic + Computer Science = Lipids Metabolism Simulator
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Compartmental Analysis Mathematical model system Finite number of compartmental that interact by exchanging materials
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Prevention of Lipid Disorder Reduce fat Cut down on high fat foods E.g. butter, margarine, oil, mayonnaise Consume small amounts of unsaturated fats Do not eliminate fat completely since it is high in calories
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Prevention of Lipid Disorder Limit added sugar and alcohol Added sugar and alcohol are ‘empty calories’ Watch portions of all food ‘fat free’ ≠ ‘calorie-free’ Drink at least 8 glasses of water everyday Water is calorie-free, refreshing, and filling
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Prevention of Lipid Disorder Increase intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains Loaded with fiber Contain high amounts of vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients Include low-fat protein-rich food with every meal E.g. tofu, beans, eggs, and fish
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Prevention of Lipid Disorder Slow down when eating Too fast eating will exceed calorie needs before realizing we are full