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Issues in Early Pregnancy PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Obstetrics & Gynecology, which is titled "Issues in Early Pregnancy", to know about the issues in early pregnancy.

Tags : Obstetrics, Gynecology, Issues, Early Pregnancy

Published on : Jul 18, 2021 | Views : 2830 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

Issues in Early Pregnancy ACOG District I Medical Student
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When a woman presents with an early pregnancy… Ask yourself two questions… Where is this pregnancy? Is it viable?
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Where is this pregnancy? In a woman with an early pregnancy you must determine if the pregnancy is intrauterine or an ectopic, because her life could depend on it!
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How to you determine location of the pregnancy? First determine dating by LMP Then perform ultrasound If you can see location of the pregnancy, you are done! If you cannot…it becomes more complicated…
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Early pregnancy with unknown location Check a serum BHCG If it is above the discriminatory zone (DZ)—(this is different at every hospital) an intrauterine pregnancy should be seen Then do an ultrasound to see if you see the pregnancy
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Early pregnancy with unknown location If BHCG>DZ and pregnancy seen in the uterus, you are done If BHCG>DZ and no pregnancy seen in the uterus, it is an ectopic until proven otherwise!
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Ectopic pregnancy 2% of all pregnancies Risk factors include prior tubal surgery, prior ectopic, current IUD use, history of PID, or DES exposure A woman can present with abdominal pain or bleeding or be asymptomatic!
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Ectopic Pregnancy 95% are in the fallopian tube (70% ampulla, 12% isthmus, 11% fimbria, 2% interstitial/cornual) Ovarian occurs about 3% of the time, abdominal 1% of the time and cervical <1% of the time Seeber 2006
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Early pregnancy with unknown location If BHCG< DZ and you do not see the pregnancy on the ultrasound consider your patient… Is she…. Unstable or stable Have pain? Have risk factors for ectopic? Your differential diagnosis is :intrauterine pregnancy just too small to see on ultrasound vs ectopic
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Early pregnancy with unknown location Generally, BHCG will double in 48 hours If the patient is stable you can have her return in 48 hours for repeat BHCG If is doubling appropriately, likely normal intrauterine pregnancy and can order ultrasound when >DZ If not doubling appropriately consider treatment for ectopic (methotrexate or surgery)
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Now you know location…now what? An ectopic pregnancy can be treated either medically with methotrexate or surgically The next step with an intrauterine pregnancy is determining viability…
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Viability When you have an intrauterine pregnancy there are several possibilities 1- Normal 2 - Miscarriage (there are different types!) 3 - Molar pregnancy A viable pregnancy is an intrauterine pregnancy that has cardiac motion-should see by 7-8 weeks
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Intrauterine pregnancy First finding on US is an empty gestational sac But cannot say that it is an intrauterine pregnancy until you see a yolk sac or a fetal pole
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Intrauterine Pregnancy
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Yolk sac by 5 weeks www.advancedfertility.com
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Fetal Pole by 6-7 weeks www.advancedfertility.com
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Types of nonviable intrauterine pregnancies Anembryonic (blighted ovum) Threatened abortion Inevitable abortion Complete abortion Missed abortion
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Anembryonic gestation No yolk sac or fetal pole Mean gestational sac diameter of 30 mm www.gloriaspregnancyinfo.com
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Threatened abortion First trimester bleeding Fetal pole with a heartbeat If there is a heartbeat there is less than 10% chance of miscarriage
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Inevitable abortion Deformation and/or descent of gestational sac with a dilated cervix
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Complete abortion Products of conception completely expelled
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Missed abortion Intrauterine pregnancy with an embryo, but no cardiac activity by 8 weeks gestation
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Now you know the basic issues in early pregnancy!!
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Algorithm that might help you… Seeber 2006
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Sources Frishman, Gary, et al. Women and Infants’ Beta book. Merz, Eberhard. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol 1: Obstetrics. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2005. Mukul, Liberato and Stephanie Teal. “Current Management of Ectopic Pregnancy.” Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinics of North America. 34 (2007): 403–419. Seeber, Beata E, and Kurt T Barnhart. “Suspected Ectopic Pregnancy.” Obstetrics & Gynecology. 107 (2006): 399-413 . www.advancedfertility.com www.gloriaspregnancyinfo.com