Download Free Medical Haemostasis Thrombosis and Embolism PowerPoint Presentation

Haemostasis Thrombosis and Embolism PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Aorta, which is titled "Haemostasis Thrombosis and Embolism", to know about the haemostasis thrombosis and embolism.

Tags : Aorta, Haemostasis Thrombosis, Embolism

Published on : Jun 02, 2021 | Views : 1486 | Downloads : 1

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Leicester Warwick Medical School Haemostasis Thrombosis and Embolism Dr. Kevin West kpw2@le.ac.uk Department of Pathology
Slide 2-

Why don’t you bleed to death from a minor injury?
Slide 3-

Objectives 1 Haemostasis
Slide 4-

Objectives 2 Thrombosis definition predisposing factors effects outcomes common clinical examples
Slide 5-

Objectives 3 Embolism definition thromboembolism other types of embolism pathogenesis of DVT and pulmonary embolism pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism prevention and treatment of thrombo-embolic disease
Slide 6-

Haemostasis Successful haemostasis depends on vessel wall platelets coagulation system fibrinolytic system
Slide 7-

Blood Vessels constrict to limit blood loss arteries, veins, capillaries mechanism not fully understood
Slide 8-

Platelets adhere to damaged vessel wall adhere to each other form a platelet plug platelet release reaction
Slide 9-

Platelet Release Reaction ATP ADP ADP, thromboxane A2 cause platelet aggregation 5HT, platelet factor 3 also released PF3 important in coagulation Platelets coalesce after aggregation
Slide 10-

ppt slide no 10 content not found
Slide 11-

ppt slide no 11 content not found
Slide 12-

Coagulation Cascade Series of inactive components converted to active components Prothrombin Thrombin Fibrinogen Fibrin
Slide 13-

ppt slide no 13 content not found
Slide 14-

Coagulation 1 ml of blood can generate enough thrombin to convert all the fibrinogen in the body to fibrin Tight regulation therefore required Balance of procoagulant and anticoagulant forces
Slide 15-

Control of Coagulation Thrombin destroys factors V and VIII Thrombin inhibitors anti-thrombin III* alpha 1 anti-trypsin alpha 2 macroglobulin protein C and S* * inherited deficiency may thrombosis
Slide 16-

Fibrinolysis Breakdown of fibrin Plasminogen Plasmin Plasminogen activators Fibrinolytic therapy widely used streptokinase tPA
Slide 17-

Endothelium Anti-thrombotic plasminogen activators prostacyclin nitric oxide thrombomodulin
Slide 18-

Thrombosis Definition Thrombosis is the formation of a solid mass of blood within the circulatory system
Slide 19-

Why does thrombosis occur? Abnormalities of the vessel wall atheroma direct injury inflammation
Slide 20-

Why does thrombosis occur? Abnormalities of blood flow stagnation turbulence Abnormalities of blood components smokers post-partum post-op
Slide 21-

ppt slide no 21 content not found
Slide 22-

Appearances of thrombi Arterial pale granular lines of Zahn lower cell content
Slide 23-

Appearances of thrombi
Slide 24-

Appearances of thrombi Venous soft gelatinous deep red higher cell content
Slide 25-

Outcomes of thrombosis Lysis complete dissolution of thrombus fibrinolytic system active bloodflow re-established most likely when thrombi are small
Slide 26-

Outcomes of thrombosis Propagation progressive spread of thrombosis distally in arteries proximally in veins
Slide 27-

ppt slide no 27 content not found
Slide 28-

Outcomes of thrombosis Organisation reparative process ingrowth of fibroblasts and capillaries (similar to granulation tissue) lumen remains obstructed
Slide 29-

Outcomes of thrombosis Recanalisation bloodflow re-established but usually incompletely one or more channels formed through organising thrombus
Slide 30-

Outcomes of thrombosis Embolism part of thrombus breaks off travels through bloodstream lodges at distant site
Slide 31-

Effects of thrombosis Arterial ischaemia infarction depends on site and collateral circulation Venous congestion oedema ischaemia infarction
Slide 32-

Coronary artery thrombosis
Slide 33-

Coronary artery thrombosis
Slide 34-

Rudolf Virchow b. Pomerania 1821 graduated in medicine 1843 presented work on thrombosis 1845 but could not get it published founded own journal
Slide 35-

Rudolf Virchow 1848 studied typhus epidemic in Prussia Attributed typhus to poor social conditions which upset the government Became a political activist and was sacked in 1849 after building barricades in Berlin uprising
Slide 36-

Rudolf Virchow Appointed Professor of Pathology in Wurzburg Described leukaemia, pulmonary embolism and much more 1856 appointed Professor of Pathology in Berlin despite government opposition
Slide 37-

Rudolf Virchow 1858 published ‘Cellular Pathology’ one of the most influential medical books ever written 1880-93 Member of Reichstag Died aged 81 after fracturing his hip jumping from a moving tram
Slide 38-

Embolism Definition Embolism is the blockage of a blood vessel by solid, liquid or gas at a site distant from its origin. >90% of emboli are thrombo-emboli
Slide 39-

Embolism Other types air amniotic fluid nitrogen medical equipment tumour cells
Slide 40-

Thrombo-emboli from systemic veins pass to the lungs = pulmonary emboli from the heart pass via the aorta to renal, mesenteric, and other femoral arteries from atheromatous carotid arteries pass to the brain from atheromatous abdominal aorta pass to arteries of the legs
Slide 41-

ppt slide no 41 content not found
Slide 42-

Deep vein thrombosis predisposing factors immobility/bed rest post-operative pregnancy and post-partum oral contraceptives severe burns cardiac failure disseminated cancer
Slide 43-

Can DVT be prevented? high risk patients must be identified and offered prophylaxis heparin sub-cutaneously leg compression during surgery
Slide 44-

Can DVT be treated? intravenous heparin oral warfarin
Slide 45-

Pulmonary embolism - effects massive PE >60% reduction in bloodflow rapidly fatal major PE - medium sized vessels blocked. Patients short of breath +/- cough and blood stained sputum minor PE - small peripheral pulmonary arteries blocked. Asymptomatic or minor shortness of breath recurrent minor PEs lead to pulmonary hypertension
Slide 46-

Pulmonary embolism
Slide 47-

ppt slide no 47 content not found
Slide 48-

ppt slide no 48 content not found
Slide 49-

ppt slide no 49 content not found
Slide 50-

ppt slide no 50 content not found