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Gynecologic Emergencies PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Gynecologic Emergencies".

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about gynecologic emergencies, medical situations that require urgent attention and treatment. These emergencies involve the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, uterus, cervix, and vagina.

Some common gynecologic emergencies include Ectopic pregnancy, Ovarian torsion, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), Vaginal bleeding, Uterine rupture, and Cervical incompetence etc.

Tags : gynecologic emergencies, female reproductive system, ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, Ectopic pregnancy, Ovarian torsion, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Vaginal bleeding, Uterine rupture, Cervical incompetence, endocrinology, endocrinology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Apr 18, 2023 | Views : 1244 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Chapter 21 Gynecologic Emergencies
Slide 2-

Introduction Women are uniquely designed to conceive and give birth. Women are susceptible to problems that do not occur in men.
Slide 3-

Anatomy and Physiology (1 of 8) Ovaries are a primary female reproductive organ. Lie on each side of lower abdomen Produce ovum (egg) Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months. Each month one ovum is released into fallopian tubes (ovulation).
Slide 4-

Anatomy and Physiology (2 of 8) Some women experience cramping during ovulation. Fallopian tubes connect each ovary with the uterus. Fallopian tubes are primary location for fertilization. Uterus is a muscular organ where fetus grows.
Slide 5-

Anatomy and Physiology (3 of 8) Narrowest part of uterus is cervix. Cervix opens into the vagina. Vagina is outermost cavity of woman’s reproductive system. Forms the lower part of birth canal. Sperm is deposited from the male penis, passes through cervix to uterus, and up the fallopian tubes.
Slide 6-

Anatomy and Physiology (4 of 8) If fertilization does not occur within about 14 days of ovulation: The lining of the uterus begins to separate, and menstruation occurs for about a week. Process of menstruation is controlled by female hormones.
Slide 7-

Anatomy and Physiology (5 of 8)
Slide 8-

Anatomy and Physiology (6 of 8) Female genitalia Vaginal opening Urethra Labia majora and labia minora Clitoris Perineum is area of skin between vagina and anus.
Slide 9-

Anatomy and Physiology (7 of 8)
Slide 10-

Anatomy and Physiology (8 of 8) Puberty is when ovulation and menstruation begin. Onset of menstruation is called menarche. Occurs between ages 11 and 16 Women continue ovulation and menstruation until menopause. Occurs around age 50 years
Slide 11-

Pathophysiology Causes of gynecologic emergencies are varied. Range from sexually transmitted diseases to trauma.
Slide 12-

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Infection of upper organs of reproduction Uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes Occurs almost exclusively in sexually active women Can result in ectopic pregnancy or sterility Most common sign is generalized lower abdominal pain
Slide 13-

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (1 of 3) STDs can lead to more serious conditions, such as PID. Chlamydia Common STD Affects an estimated 2.8 million Americans each year Usually mild or absent symptoms Can spread to rectum and progress to PID
Slide 14-

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (2 of 3) Bacterial vaginosis Most common conditions to afflict women Normal bacteria in vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacteria. Untreated, it can progress to premature birth weight or low birth weight in pregnancy, and PID.
Slide 15-

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (3 of 3) Gonorrhea Grows and multiplies rapidly in warm, moist areas of reproductive tract Cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes in women Urethra in men and women If untreated, can enter bloodstream and spread to other parts of body
Slide 16-

Vaginal Bleeding (1 of 2) Bleeding may be considered menstrual bleeding even though it is not. Possible causes include: Abnormal menstruation Vaginal trauma
Slide 17-

Vaginal Bleeding (2 of 2) Possible causes (cont’d): Ectopic pregnancy Spontaneous abortion Cervical polyps Cancer
Slide 18-

Patient Assessment (1 of 2) Obtaining an accurate and detailed assessment is critical. May not be able to make specific diagnosis in the field A thorough patient assessment will help determine just how sick the patient is and whether lifesaving measures should be initiated.
Slide 19-

Patient Assessment (2 of 2) Patient assessment steps Scene size-up Primary assessment History taking Secondary assessment Reassessment
Slide 20-

Scene Size-up (1 of 2) Scene safety Gynecologic emergencies can involve large amounts of blood. Involve police if assault is suspected. In sexual assault, it is important to have a female EMT to provide care.
Slide 21-

Scene Size-up (2 of 2) Mechanism of injury/nature of illness Often understood from dispatch information For example, sexual assault Sometimes will not emerge until patient history For example, abdominal pain as a symptom
Slide 22-

Primary Assessment (1 of 2) Form a general impression Is the patient stable or unstable? Use AVPU scale. Airway and breathing Always evaluate first to ensure adequacy. Circulation Pulse, and skin color, temperature, and moisture can help identify blood loss.
Slide 23-

Primary Assessment (2 of 2) Transport decision Most cases are not life threatening. If signs of shock exist because of bleeding, rapid transport is warranted.
Slide 24-

History Taking Investigate chief complaint. Some questions are extremely personal. Ensure that her privacy and dignity are protected. SAMPLE history Note allergies and current medications. Ask about last menstrual period and STDs. If bleeding, how many pads used in 1 hour
Slide 25-

Secondary Assessment (1 of 3) Physical examinations For a gynecologic patient, should be limited and professional. Protect woman’s privacy Limit the number of personnel present. Use external pads to control vaginal bleeding. Observe for vaginal discharge.
Slide 26-

Secondary Assessment (2 of 3) Vital signs Asses patient’s vital signs, including: Heart rate, rhythm, and quality Respiratory rate, rhythm, and quality Skin color, temperature, and condition Capillary refill time Blood pressure Note presence of tachycardia and hypotension.
Slide 27-

Secondary Assessment (3 of 3) Monitoring devices Use of pulse oximetry should be routine. Consider noninvasive blood pressure monitoring to continuously track patient’s blood pressure. Assess first blood pressure with sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.
Slide 28-

Reassessment (1 of 2) Repeat the primary assessment. Interventions Very few with a gynecologic emergency For vaginal bleeding Treat for hypoperfusion or shock.
Slide 29-

Reassessment (2 of 2) Communication and documentation Communicate all relevant information to staff at receiving hospital. Including possibility of pregnancy Carefully document everything, especially in cases of sexual assault.
Slide 30-

Emergency Medical Care (1 of 3) Maintain patient’s privacy as much as possible. If in a public place, consider moving to ambulance. Determining cause of bleeding is of less importance than treating for shock and transporting.
Slide 31-

Emergency Medical Care (2 of 3) Most women will use sanitary pads to control bleeding before you arrive. You may continue that approach. External genitals have a rich nerve supply. Makes injuries very painful
Slide 32-

Emergency Medical Care (3 of 3) Treat external lacerations with moist, sterile compresses. Use local pressure to control bleeding. Use diaper-type bandage to hold dressings in place. Do not pack or place dressings in the vagina.
Slide 33-

Assessment and Management of Specific Conditions (1 of 5) Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) A patient with PID will complain of abdominal pain. Usually starts during or after menstruation May be made worse by walking Prehospital treatment is limited. Nonemergency transport is usually recommended.
Slide 34-

Assessment and Management of Specific Conditions (2 of 5) Sexual assault Sexual assault and rape are common. 1 of 3 women will be raped in her lifetime. 1 of 4 women will be sexually molested. EMTs treating victims of sexual assault face many complex issues.
Slide 35-

Assessment and Management of Specific Conditions (3 of 5) Sexual assault (cont’d) You may be first person victim has contact with after the encounter. How you manage situation may have lasting effects for patient and you. Important: professionalism, tact, kindness, sensitivity
Slide 36-

Assessment and Management of Specific Conditions (4 of 5) Sexual assault (cont’d) You can generally expect police involvement. Attempts to gather detailed report from victim may cause her to “shut down.” If possible, give the option of being treated by a female EMT.
Slide 37-

Assessment and Management of Specific Conditions (5 of 5) Sexual assault (cont’d) Your focus: Provide medical treatment of patient. Offer psychological care of patient. Preserve evidence. Ask patient not to clean herself. Offer to call a local sexual assault crisis center. Take history. Produce a patient care report.
Slide 38-

Summary (1 of 12) Women’s bodies are uniquely designed to conceive and give birth. This difference makes women susceptible to a number of problems that do not occur in men.
Slide 39-

Summary (2 of 12) If fertilization of the ovum does not occur within about 14 days of ovulation, the lining of the uterus begins to separate, and menstruation occurs for about a week.
Slide 40-

Summary (3 of 12) When a girl reaches puberty, she begins to ovulate and experience menstruation. Women continue to experience ovulation and menstruation until menopause.
Slide 41-

Summary (4 of 12) The causes of gynecologic emergencies are varied and range from sexually transmitted diseases to trauma.
Slide 42-

Summary (5 of 12) Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the female upper organs of reproduction. It is the most common gynecologic reason why women access emergency medical services.
Slide 43-

Summary (6 of 12) Sexually transmitted diseases can lead to more serious conditions, such as pelvic inflammatory disease.
Slide 44-

Summary (7 of 12) Because menstrual bleeding is a monthly occurrence in most females, vaginal bleeding that is the result of other causes may be initially overlooked.
Slide 45-

Summary (8 of 12) Some possible causes of vaginal bleeding include: Abnormal menstruation Vaginal trauma Ectopic pregnancy Spontaneous abortion Cervical polyps Miscarriage Cancer
Slide 46-

Summary (9 of 12) There are very few interventions in the prehospital setting. Maintain the patient’s privacy as much as possible.
Slide 47-

Summary (10 of 12) EMTs called on to treat a victim of sexual assault, molestation, or actual or alleged rape face many complex issues. Medical issues Psychological issues Legal issues
Slide 48-

Summary (11 of 12) You may be the first person a sexual assault victim has contact with. Experience may have lasting effects for the patient and you.
Slide 49-

Summary (12 of 12) Professionalism, tact, kindness, and sensitivity are of paramount importance in treating an assault victim.