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Genetic Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Genetic Disorders".
This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about Genetic disorders which are caused by abnormalities or mutations in an individuals DNA sequence.
Genetic disorders are caused by abnormalities or mutations in an individuals DNA sequence. These mutations can be inherited from parents or occur spontaneously during the formation of gametes or early stages of fetal development. There are many types of genetic disorders, including Single-gene disorders, Chromosomal disorders, Multifactorial disorders, and Mitochondrial disorders.
Some examples of genetic disorders include Down syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, Sickle cell anemia, and Hemophilia.

Tags : Genetic disorders, DNA sequence, Single-gene disorders, Chromosomal disorders, Multifactorial disorders, Mitochondrial disorders, Down syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, Sickle cell anemia, Hemophilia, Genetics, Genetics PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Mar 21, 2023 | Views : 863 | Downloads : 4

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Slide 1-

Genetics: Part IV Genetic Disorders
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What has gone wrong? 2
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Curriculum Framework c. Certain human genetic disorders can be attributed to the inheritance of single gene traits or specific chromosomal changes, such as nondisjunction.illustrative examples: •Sickle cell anemia •Tay-Sachs disease •Huntington’s disease •X-linked color blindness •Trisomy 21/Down syndrome •Klinefelter’s syndrome
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Curriculum Framework 3.A.4.b Some traits are determined by genes on sex chromosomes. Illustrative examples Sex-linked genes on sex chromosome (X in humans) In mammals and flies, the Y chromosome is very small and carries few genes
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Small change, Big problem 5
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Sex Linked Traits Traits carried on the sex chromosomes are said to be sex linked. In humans, most sex-linked traits are carried on the X chromosome. Sex-linked traits are expressed more often in human males than females. 6
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Example of Sex Linked Trait: Hemophilia 7
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Probability? 8 What is the probability that the son of a carrier female and a normal male will have hemophilia?
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Probability? 9 What is the probability that the son of a carrier female and a normal male will have hemophilia?
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Imagine a genetic counselor working with a couple who have just had a child who is suffering from Tay-Sachs disease. Neither parent has Tay-Sachs, nor does anyone in their families. Which of the following statements should this counselor make to this couple? a. “Because no one in either of your families has Tay-Sachs, you are not likely to have another baby with Tay-Sachs. You can safely have another child.” b. “Because you have had one child with Tay-Sachs, you must each carry the allele. Any child you have has a 50% chance of having the disease.” c. “Because you have had one child with Tay-Sachs, you must each carry the allele. Any child you have has a 25% chance of having the disease.” d. “Because you have had one child with Tay-Sachs, you must both carry the allele. However, since the chance of having an affected child is 25%, you may safely have thee more children without worrying about having another child with Tay-Sachs.”
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Example of Sex Linked Trait: Colorblindness 11
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Color blindness 12 Draw a Punnett Square to show how a color blind male could produce a family containing colorblind females.
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Is your Punnett Square like this one? 13
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Nondisjunction 14
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Nondisjunction 15
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Trisomy 21 16
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Down syndrome patients have noticeable traits 17
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Huntington’s disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system The disease has no obvious phenotypic effects until the individual is about 35 to 40 years of age Once the deterioration of the nervous system begins the condition is irreversible and fatal Huntington’s Disease: A Late-Onset Lethal Disease
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Huntington’s affects people after reproduction age so it continues to be maintained in a population 20 Lethal Dominant Trait
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Envision a family in which the grandfather, age 47, has just been diagnosed with Huntington’s disease. His daughter, age 25, now has a 2-year-old baby boy. No one else in the family has the disease. What is the probability that the daughter will contract the disease? A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% E. 100%
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Nonnuclear Inheritance 22
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Curriculum Framework 3.A.4.c. Some traits result from nonnuclear inheritance 1. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are randomly assorted to gametes and daughter cells; thus traits determined by chloroplasts and mitochondrial DNA do not follow simple Mendelian rules. 2. In animals, mitochondrial DNA is transmitted by the egg and not by the sperm; as such, mitochondrial-determined traits are maternally inherited. 23
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Mitochondrial Inheritance Sometimes referred to as Maternal Inheritance More than 40 known human disorders are attributed to mitochondrial inheritance. Links have been made between mtDNA and diabetes, certain cancers and aging just to name a few. 25
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Curriculum Framework 3.A.3.d Many ethical, social and medical issues surround human genetic disorders. Illustrative examples Reproduction issues Civic issues such as ownership of genetic information, privacy, historical context 26
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Would you want to know? 27
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Created by: Debra Richards Coordinator of K-12 Science Programs Bryan ISD Bryan, TX