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Fundamentals of Drug Delivery Systems PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Fundamentals of Drug Delivery Systems".

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about drug delivery systems, technologies that are used to administer therapeutic agents such as drugs, genes, and proteins to the human body. The aim of drug delivery systems is to increase the efficacy and safety of the drug therapy while reducing side effects.

There are various types of drug delivery systems, each with its own advantages and limitations. The most common types of drug delivery systems include:

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: This is the most common route of drug administration. Drugs are usually administered in the form of tablets, capsules, or syrups. The advantages of oral drug delivery systems include ease of administration, cost-effectiveness, and patient compliance.
Injectable Drug Delivery Systems: Injectable drug delivery systems are used when the drug cannot be administered orally, or when there is a need for rapid drug action. These systems include intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injections.
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Transdermal drug delivery systems involve the administration of drugs through the skin. These systems include patches, creams, and gels. The advantages of transdermal drug delivery systems include ease of use, sustained drug release, and avoidance of first-pass metabolism.
Inhalation Drug Delivery Systems: Inhalation drug delivery systems are used for the administration of drugs through the lungs. These systems include metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers. The advantages of inhalation drug delivery systems include rapid drug action, targeted drug delivery to the lungs, and avoidance of first-pass metabolism.
Implantable Drug Delivery Systems: Implantable drug delivery systems involve the insertion of a drug delivery device into the body. These systems include pumps, reservoirs, and stents. The advantages of implantable drug delivery systems include sustained drug release, targeted drug delivery, and the ability to bypass the blood-brain barrier.

Overall, drug delivery systems are essential for the effective and safe administration of drugs to the human body. These systems have revolutionized drug therapy and have improved the quality of life for many patients.

Tags : Drug Delivery Systems, drug therapy, Oral Drug Delivery Systems, Injectable Drug Delivery Systems, Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems, Inhalation Drug Delivery Systems, Implantable Drug Delivery Systems, pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals PowerPoint presentations

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1894 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

PHT 612Selected Topics in Drug Delivery I Fundamentals of Drug Delivery Systems King Saud University College of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutics
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Outlines Introduction Theoretical Aspects of TDD Experimental Design Chemical Modulation of TDD Physical and Technological Modulation of TDD Topical and Transdermal Formulations
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Introduction
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Drug Delivery Definition The appropriate administration of drugs through various routes in the body for the purpose of improving health It is highly interdisciplinary It is not a young field It has recently evolved to take into consideration Drug physico-chemical properties Body effects and interactions Improvement of drug effect Patient comfort and well being Controlled Drug Delivery
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Conventional Controlled Drug Delivery Sustained Extended Site-specific Pulsatile Enteral Parenteral Other
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Oral Administration Advantages Patient: Convenience, not invasive, higher compliance Manufacture: well established processes, available infrastructure Disadvantages Unconscious patients cannot take dose Low solubility Low permeability Degradation by GI enzymes or flora First pass metabolism Food interactions Irregular absorption
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Factors Influencing the Selection of the Delivery Route Drug physico-chemical properties Drug molecular size (molecular weight) Half-life Chemical stability Loss of biological activity in aqueous solution Proteins Denaturation, degradation
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Factors Influencing the Selection of the Delivery Route Solubility in aqueous solution (hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity) pH pKa - ionization Temperature Concentration Crystalinity Particle size State of hydration
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Design of dosage regimen Where? How much? How often? How long? Plasma Concentration Effects Plasma refers to the clear supernatant fluid that results from blood after the cellular components have been removed
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Plasma Concentration
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Absorption of drugs could vary within different administration routes 500 mg dose given intramuscularly orally **to the same subject on separate occasions Biological barriers greatly affect the extent of drug absorption
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Absorption of drugs could vary within the same administration route
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Important Concepts Volume of distribution apparent volume into which a drug distributes in the body at equilibrium direct measure of the extent of distribution V = amount of drug in the body/Plasma drug concentration
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Mathematical Modeling of Drug Disposition Single compartment Single compartment with absorption Two compartments Two compartments with absorption Physiological Models
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Single Compartment Model Assumptions: Body one compartment characterized by a volume of distribution (Vd) Drug is confined to the plasma (small V)
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One-Compartment Model with Absorption Low absorption occurs Absorption is the rate-limiting step Slow absorption may represent drug entry through GI tract or leakage into circulation after SC injection Drugs require multiple doses to maintain drug concentration within therapeutic window
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Two-Compartment Model Drug rapidly injected Drug distributed instantaneously throughout one compartment and slowly throughout second compartment Describes drug concentration in plasma injected IV C1, V1 C2, V2 k2, C2 k12 k21 k1, C1
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Where to Find PD and PK Information United States Pharmacopeia www.usp.org It is also paper published Provides standards, chemical properties, and protocols to perform pharmacological experiments Federal Drug Administration – if it has already being approved www.fda.org
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Transdermal Drug Delivery
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Disadvantages of TDDS
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Disadvantages of TDDS…(cont.) b) Stratum corneum is hydrophobic: (limits drug penetration) c) Epidermis is hydrophilic d) Main entry to vasculature via pores: (small % of surface) e) Drugs bind to skin: desorption becomes rate-limiting step f) Allergic reaction: triggered by adhesive
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Theoretical Aspects of TDD a) Partition coefficient: a permeant must first partition into the membrane log P(octanol/water) It is considered that rate limiting step in the permeation process. According to the oil and water phases solubility: log P(octanol/water) 1-3: intercellular route predominates log P(octanol/water) > 3: intercellular route is the only route log P(octanol/water) <1: transcellular route
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Theoretical Aspects of TDD b) Molecular size: the second major factor in determining the flux of a material through human skin is the size and shape of the molecules. Selected candidate for TDD should fall within (100-500 Dalton). c) Solubility/melting point d) Ionization e) Other factors: binding forces, particle size,…etc.
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Experimental Design Preparation of skin membranes: In vitro/in vivo studies Animal membrane: hairless mouse, guinea pig and mammalian skin Artificial membrane: - More simplistic model - No regional variability - Advantages of reproducibility and control - Simple permeation process - Used for quality control purposes or for testing formulation variables
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Experimental Design…(cont.) Diffusion cell for in-vitro studies: Comprise of two compartments: donor and receptor sections The receptor section of a fixed volume is kept at controlled T at 37 ºC and the fluid is agitated A portal from the receptor compartment allows removal of receptor fluid at required time intervals.
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