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Etiology in Psychiatry Classification-Diagnosis in Psychiatry PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "ETIOLOGY IN PSYCHIATRY, CLASSIFICATION/DIAGNOSIS IN PSYCHIATRY" by Dr. Ali Bahathig, FRCPC, Assistant Professor and Consultant of Psychiatry & Psychosomatic Medicine, Psychosomatic Unit, Psychiatry Department, King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC). Know about the etiology of psychiatric disorders, the main classification systems for Diagnosis in psychiatry, the differences between ICD & DSM, the differences between primary and secondary psychiatric disorders and the differences between psychosis and neurosis.

Tags : etiology of psychiatric disorders, classification systems in psychiatr, Diagnosis in psychiatry, psychiatric disorders, psychosis, neurosis

Published on : Mar 15, 2023 | Views : 827 | Downloads : 0

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ETIOLOGY IN PSYCHIATRY, CLASSIFICATION/DIAGNOSIS IN PSYCHIATRY Dr. Ali Bahathig, FRCPC, Assistant Professor and Consultant of Psychiatry & Psychosomatic Medicine Psychosomatic Unit, Psychiatry Department King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) 1440/1441 2019/2020
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SPECIAL TAHNKS TO: Dr. Fahad Alosaimi, MD, Professor and Consultant of Psychiatry & Psychosomatic medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Dr. Ahmad Alhadi, MD, Associate Professor and Consultant of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, College of Medicine, King Saud University Dr. Mohammed Al-Sughayir, MD, Professor and Consultant of Psychiatry, College of medicine, King Saud University
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Objectives: To discuss the etiology of psychiatric disorders. To list the main classification systems for Diagnosis in psychiatry. To discuss the differences between ICD & DSM To describe the differences between primary and secondary psychiatric disorders. To describe the differences between psychosis and neurosis.
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Etiology: The Complexity of etiological factors: Time factors: Causes are often remote in time from the effect they produce. Single cause: May lead to several psychological effects e.g. deprivation from parental affection may lead to depression or conduct disorder in children and adolescents. Single effect: May arise from several causes e.g. depression may be due to accumulation of several causes like endocrinopathies, psychosocial stresses, and side effects of some drugs. M. Al-Sughayir – Manual of Basic Psychiatry
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Etiology in Psychiatry: Like other branches of Medicine, etiology of primary psychiatric illnesses is usually multifactorial Etiological factors can be classified into biological, psychological, and social factors: Bio-Psycho-Social Approach (Engel 1977)
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Precipitating Factors ILLNESS Predisposing factors Constitution Perpetuating Factors Recovery Maintaining Factors
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M. Al-Sughayir – Manual of Basic Psychiatry
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SUPERNATURAL Evil eye Witchcraft Possession
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Islamic vs sociocultural concept النظرة الاجتماعية لا تمثل الشرع (لا تطابق تماما و لا تخالف تماما )
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CLASSIFICATION/DIAGNOSIS IN PSYCHIATRY
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Classification & Diagnosis In Psychiatry Depends mainly on signs & symptoms (psychopathology). Rarely we use external validation lab tests , brain imaging , …etc Clinical skills are essential.
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Why to classify ? Introduces order and structure to our thinking and reduces the complexity of clinical phenomena. To distinguish one diagnosis/illness from another. Facilitate communication among clinicians about diagnosis, treatment, & prognosis. Help to predict outcome (e.g. schizophrenia has chronic course). Often used to choose an appropriate treatment. Ensure that psychiatric research can be conducted with comparable groups of patients.
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Definition of Mental Disorder A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are associated with significant subjective distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important activities.
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Classifications of diseasesWHO | International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Published by APA: a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders. The manual evolved from systems for collecting census and psychiatric hospital statistics. Developed by the US Army, 1952. Five revisions since it was first published. The last major revision was the fourth edition ("DSM-IV"), published in 1994, although a "text revision" was produced in 2000. DSM-5 was published in May 2013.
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Similarities between DSM-5 and ICD-11 Both are diagnosis and categorizing manuals require two or more symptoms to make a diagnosis. Both are NOT self diagnosis manuals; Intended for use by qualified health professionals, more specifically psychiatrists. Both are officially recognized manuals used to categorize and diagnose mental disorders. Attempts are on, to further harmonize between the two systems of disease classification.
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Differences between DSM-5 and ICD-11
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Conceptual differences; Ex: Bulimia nervosa is characterized by ’morbid dread of fatness’ while DSM requires ‘self evaluation’. PTSD is much broader in ICD-10 than DSM-5. Differences can cause problems in research comparisons
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Other Classification:
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Neurosis Vs. Psychosis Classification
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Primary vs Secondary Psychiatric Disorders
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Primary vs Secondary Psychiatric Disorders
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Positive Vs Negative Psychotic Symptoms/Features
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Diagnostic tree for Cognitive Impairment
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