Download Free Medical Diseases Of Hypothalamus And Hypophysis PowerPoint Presentation

Diseases Of Hypothalamus And Hypophysis PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Diseases of hypothalamus and hypophysis" by Ingrid Dravecká.

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about the diseases of hypothalamus and hypophysis (also known as the pituitary gland). Hypothalamus and hypophysis play important roles in regulating various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Diseases of these structures can have a significant impact on overall health and well-being.

Some of the diseases that can affect the hypothalamus and hypophysis include Pituitary adenomas, Hypopituitarism, Diabetes insipidus, Acromegaly, Cushings disease, and Craniopharyngiomas, etc.

Tags : hypothalamus, hypophysis, pituitary gland, Pituitary adenomas, Hypopituitarism, Diabetes insipidus, Acromegaly, Cushings disease, Craniopharyngiomas, endocrinology, endocrinology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Apr 18, 2023 | Views : 1682 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Diseases of hypothalamus and hypophysisIngrid DraveckáI. internal department Ingrid Dravecká
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Hormones of the hypothalamus liberins Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)→ TSH, PRL Corticosteroids releasing hormone (CRH) (+ADH)→ ACTH Gonadotropins releasing hormone (GnRH)→ LH, FSH Growth hormone releasing hormone(GH RH) → GH statins Somatostatin → STH, TSH Prolactostatin → PRL Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Pituitary hormones
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Hypothalamic hyperfunctional syndromesPubertas praecox Secondary sexual characteristics in girls before 8, in boys before 9 Clinic adrenarche (Pubic hair, axillary telarche (breasts) menarche accelerated growth and bone age - premature closure of bone slots - low increase Psyche changes Etiology Expansive (hamartomas), inflammatory processes of the hypothalamus idiopatic familial Peripheral cause: sex hormone secretion without central stimulation
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Hypothalamic hypofunctional syndromesDiabetes insipidus centralis Definíition Partial or complete ADH deficiency ↓ Reabsorption of water in distal kidney tubules Ethiology Autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic nuclei Expansive processes, st.p. operation, accidents Meningoencephalitis Autosomal dominant (familial) Clinics Polyuria 2.5-20-30l / d Hypoosmotic urine (≤200 mosmol / l) polydipsia Plasma hyperosmolality (290mosmol/l ) dehydration
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Hypothalamic hypofunctional syndromesDiabetes insipidus centralis DG MR - disappearance of neurohypophysis signal Thrush (concentration) test 1-4 h urine collection (quantity, osmolality) Urine osmolality DI ≤ 200 mosmol / l Healthy ≥ 800 mosmol / l Plasma osmolality DI ≥285-295 mosmol / l Dif. DG Osmotic diuresis (DM, hyperparathyroidism) Polyuretic phase at CHRI Psychogenic polydipsia Nephrogenic DI (hereditary resistance of ADH receptors in tubules) - Desmopressin test Therapy Synthetic analog ADH (Minirin) s.l..
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Hypothalamic hypofunctional syndromesEndocrinological symptomatology in mental anorexia Etiology Voluntary reduced food intake on the basis of psychological alteration aminoacids and glucose deficiency - hypothalamic dysfunction Clinic cachexia Central amenorrhea malnutrition DG ↑ STH (↓ IGF-1) ↑ CRH - ↑ ACTH - adrenal gland NT4, ↓ T3, nTSH Therapy psychiatry realimentation Estrogen substitution (prevention of osteoporosis)
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Diseases of the pituitary gland Adenohypophysis Embryonic development of Rathke's protrusion from ectoderm of oropharynx located in sella turcica neurohypophysis Brain tissue Diseases of the pituitary gland hypopituitarism Expansive processes ↑ secretion of some hormones
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Diseases of the pituitary gland Hypopituitarism partial / pan Etiology Expansive processes After tumor surgery Sheehan's sy (postpartum necrosis) Clinics Expansive processes: Loss of STH → LH, FSH → TSH → ACTH Lymphocytic hypophysitis: loss of ACTH and TSH ↓ STH: ↓muscle mass and strength, myocardial contractility, fat accumulation in the abdomen, ↓ bone density, ↑ cholesterol ↓ ACTH: no pigment stains ↓ TSH: central hypothyroidism
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Diseases of the pituitary gland Hypopituitarism partial / pan DG Peripheral gland hormone levels + stimulation tests Insulin hypoglycemic test (cortisol, STH) Synacthenic (ACTH) test Tyreoliberin Test (TSH, PRL) GnRH test (LH, FSH) DIF DG Peripheral forms Therapy TSH deficiency - thyroxine ACTH deficiency - hydrocortisone STH deficiency - growth hormone
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Disease of the pituitary gland Expansion processes Etiology Adenomas / incidentalomas Silent Hyperfunctional (GH, PRL, ACTH) Clinics Suppression of surrounding tissue - hypopituitarism Chiasma opticum pressure - bitemporal hemianopsia (peripheral vision outbreak) DG CT, MR, perimeter Therapy neurosurgical surgery Irradiation with gamma knife
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Pituitary diseases Acromegaly and gigantism Etiology ↑ GH secretion Adenoma / paraneoplastic production Autonomic secretion of GhRH Clinics Enlarge acres Macroglossia, tooth decay perspiration Arthralgia, lumbalgia, myopathy Headache, neuropathy PGT, DM, hypertension Cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmia Sleep apnea, sympathetic carpal tunnel Polyps of bowel/ ca
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Pituitary diseases Acromegaly and gigantism DG ↑ GH level Glucose test ↑ IGF-1 MR, CT Therapy surgery - Transphenoid Approach Residue - gamma irradiation knife Somatostatin analogs Blocker of GH receptors
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Diseases of the pituitary gland Prolactinoma Etiology The most common secretory pituitary adenomas Clinics women MC disorders, sterility galactorrhoea men ↓ libido, potency, spermatogenesis Galactorrhoea, gynecomastia
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Diseases of the pituitary gland Prolactinoma DG ↑ PRL level Diff. dg secondary ↑ PRL:stress, sleep, pregnancy, estrogens, psychopharmaceuticalshypothalamic tumors, PCOS, CKD MR Therapy Dopamin agonists (bromocriptin) (resistance to medication)
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Diseases of the pituitary glandCushing's Syndroma and disease etiology Long-term ↑ cortisol due to autonomous production Loss of feedback endogenous ACTH-dependent Central Cushing's disease Ectopic (paraneoplastic) Peripheral Cushing´s syndroma exogenous corticotherapy
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Diseases of the pituitary glandCushing´s sy – Cushing´s disease Clinics Facies lunata Osteoporosis, myopathy, fatigue depression Purple strips Skin - atrophy, sufusion thrombosis Lower extremities swelling Secondary hypertension, DM MC disorders, ↓ libido
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Diseases of the pituitary glandCushing´s sy – Cushing´s disease DG ↑ free cortisol in the urine / 24 hrs Lack of cortisol at night (loss of circadian rhythm) Lack of cortisol suppression after 1 mg of dexamethasone (small dexam test) Therapy Central form - neurosurgical transfusion removal Ectopic form - tumor removal Peripheral form Adenoma-adrenalectomy Hyperplasia - pharmacological suppression / bilat. adrenalectomy high dose dexamethasone test central Cushing disease paraneoplastic / ectopic Cushing syndrome
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Thanks for your attention