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DIARRHEA PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Diarrhea, which is titled "DIARRHEA", to know about diarrhea and its types.

Tags : Diarrhea, types, digestive system

Published on : Jul 10, 2021 | Views : 5507 | Downloads : 12

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DIARRHEA
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definition διάρροια; literally meaning "through-flowing" Stool looses its normal consistence Weight usually increases: >235g/d (♂), >175g/d (♀)‏ Frequency increases: >2/d Often associated with imperative urge to defecate Can contain blood, pus and mucous
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Types of diarrhea Osmotic diarrhea: occurs when there is a loss of water due to heavy osmotic load, e.g. due to maldigestion or due to high uptake of sorbitol, fructose etc. Secretory diarrhea: due to increased active secretion and/or inhibition of absorption; little to no structural damage; e.g. cholera-toxin activates adenylatcyclase, higher cAMP-level, decreased Na-absorption & increased Cl-secretion, high osmotic gradient leads to water-inflow
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Types of diarrhea Motility-related diarrhea: occurs due to abnormal motility of GIT, if food moves to quickly there is not enough contact-time for water & nutrients to be absorbed; e.g. after vagotomy or diabetic neuropathy Inflammatory diarrhea: damage of mucosal lining or brush-border leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and decreased ability to absorb these fluids; features of the other three types can be found in this one; it can be caused by bacterias, viruses, parasites and autoinflammatory diseases
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Acute diarrhea Lasts less than 4 weeks; aka enteritis Usually caused by infections (>90%) or food poisoning with bacterial toxins (Salmonella)‏ Most of non-febrile diarrheas are caused by viruses (viral gastroenteritis); most common reason for diarrhea in children is Rotavirus (~40%)‏ Febrile types (invasive pathogenes) are usually caused by Campylobacter or Salmonella Severe types are cholera, typhus and intestinal tuberculosis Cause for bloody diarrhea can be e.g. EHEC and dysentery
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Chronic diarrhea Lasts longer than 4 weeks Reasons can be: stress, food intolerance (e.g. lactose intolerance), disorders of pancreas/liver/gallbladder, chronic intestinal infections (Morbus Crohn, Colitis ulcerosa), bowel cancer
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Complications Loss of water: dehydration (dizzyness, unconsciousness)‏ Loss of electrolytes: cramps In severe cases both can lead to death Worldwide 3mio children die due to diarrhea (per year)‏
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Treatment In case of severe diarrhea suckling babies, children, old people should always go to a doctor Most important is sufficient uptake of water and electrolytes (salt)‏ Antidiarrhoetics are not always recommendable, cause pathogenes stay in the intestine In case of bacterial infection: antibiotics