Download Free Medical Diagnostic Imaging of Bones and Joints PowerPoint Presentation

Diagnostic Imaging of Bones and Joints PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Orthopaedics, which is titled "Diagnostic Imaging of Bones and Joints", to know about Orthopedic Radiology.

Tags : Orthopaedics, Diagnostic Imaging, Bones, Joints

Published on : Aug 10, 2021 | Views : 1637 | Downloads : 13

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Diagnostic Imaging of Bones and Joints Introduction to Orthopedic Radiology
Slide 2-

Why PT’s Need to Know About Medical Imaging To correctly interpret radiologists written report To speak the same language as physicians To enhance awareness of patients condition Radiologist reports are often written for the MD’s and may not take into account information the PT needs to treat the patient and to adequately formulate a prognosis
Slide 3-

Important Facts About Xrays Plain film radiography remains as the 1rst order diagnostic imaging modality Xrays are a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to visible light but of shorter wavelength Xray tube generates xrays and beams them toward the patient. Some of the energy is absorbed; rest passes through patient and hits the film plate. Shades of gray on film are a representation of the different densities of the anatomic tissues through which the xrays have passed.
Slide 4-

Tissues with greater density will absorb more of the xray so less of the beam reaches the film plate. The resultant image is therefore lighter. Tissues with less density will allow more xray to reach the film so it will be darker. This is called radiodensity and is determined by: *composition of the structure *thickness of the structure
Slide 5-

BODY COMPOSITION AIR: Black Examples- trachea, lungs, stomach, digestive tract FAT: Gray black Examples- subcutaneously along muscle sheaths; around viscera
Slide 6-

Continued WATER: Gray Examples: Muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, vessels (All of these structures have the same density and therefore are hard to distinguish on plain xrays.)
Slide 7-

Continued BONE: Gray/White CONTRAST MEDIUM: White Outline HEAVY METALS: White Solid
Slide 8-

ppt slide no 8 content not found
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

ppt slide no 10 content not found
Slide 11-

PERCEIVING 3 DIMENSIONS The center of the xray beam is always perpendicular to the film plate. The position of the body will determine the outline of the image. SEE FIGURES 5 -6
Slide 12-

ROUTINE RADIOLOGIC EVALUATION Consists of the angles of projection that best demonstrate the anatomy while utilizing the least amount of exposures. Common Views: Anteroposterior (AP) Lateral (R and L) Oblique (R and L) (See Figure 7) Patient positioning for each projection is standardized throughout the USA
Slide 13-

VIEWING RADIOGRAPHS In AP and Lateral views, the film is always positioned on the view box with the patient positioned as if facing the viewer in anatomical position. Hands and feet are placed with fingers or toes pointing up Lateral views are placed on the box in the direction that the beam traveled. Magnetic markers are used for R and L. Use this as the reference to place the patient facing the viewer in anatomical position (Fig 8)
Slide 14-

ppt slide no 14 content not found
Slide 15-

FACTORS INFLUENCING QUALITY OF XRAYS Detail: Geometric sharpness. Can be affected by movement Distortion: Difference between the actual imagery and the recorded image. Geometric distortion occurs as the beam progresses away from the perpendicular. Fig. 9
Slide 16-

Continued Contrast: Difference between adjacent images. It is controlled by adjusting the energy of the beam.
Slide 17-

ANATOMY OF BONE Compact Bone: forms outer shell or cortex of bone; dense Cancellous Bone: forms the inner aspect of bone except for the marrow cavity; spongy
Slide 18-

FIGURE 10 Periosteum: Covers the cortex; fibrous layer which contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics. Endosteum: Membrane lining the inner aspect of the cortes and medullary (marrow) cavity Diaphysis: Shaft Metaphysis: Flared part at either end of shaft Epiphysis: Either end of the bone
Slide 19-

ppt slide no 19 content not found
Slide 20-

PROCESSES OF BONE GROWTH Ossification: Process of replacing cartilagenous model with bone Endochondral Ossification: How bones grow in length Intramembraneous Ossification: How bones grow in width Physis: The growth plate evidenced by the “open space” Fig 11 and 12
Slide 21-

ppt slide no 21 content not found
Slide 22-

10 yo male normal AP and mortise view
Slide 23-

REMODELING OF BONE WOLFF’S LAW Bone will be deposited in sites subjected to mechanical stress with trabeculae aligning in ways that best absorb stress. Bone will resorb from sites deprived of stress. Clinical Relevance: As soon as it is safe, weight bearing should be allowed through the bones
Slide 24-

ABC’S OF VIEWING FILMS A: ALIGNMENT 1. Assess the size of the bones: gigantism, dwarfism, etc 2. Assess the number of bones 3. Assess each bone for normal shape and contour; irregularities can be from trauma, congenital, developmental or pathological 4. Assess joint position: trauma, inflammatory or degenerative disease (Fig 13)
Slide 25-

ppt slide no 25 content not found
Slide 26-

ppt slide no 26 content not found
Slide 27-

ppt slide no 27 content not found
Slide 28-

B. BONE DENSITY 1. Assess general bone density *contrast between soft tissues and bone *contrast between cortical margin and the cancellous bone and medullary cavity *loss of contrast means loss of bone density ie: osteoporosis *labeled as osteopenia, demineralization or rarefaction
Slide 29-

Originally coined for the changes of senile osteoporosis, biconcave deformities of the vertebral bodies ("fish vertebrae") are characteristic of disorders in which there is diffuse weakening of the bone. The name is derived from the actual appearance of a fish vertebrae which normally has depressions in the superior and inferior surfaces of each vertebral body. This sign is typically used for osteopenia.
Slide 30-

ppt slide no 30 content not found
Slide 31-

ppt slide no 31 content not found
Slide 32-

2. Assess local bone density: looking for sclerosis; sign of repair in the bone. Excessive sclerosis is indicative of DJD. (Fig 15) Bone Lesions: Osteolytic- bone destroying so appear radiolucent as in RA or Gout (Fig 16) Osteoblastic- bone forming; osteoblastomas, osteoid osteomas 3. Assess texture abnormalities: looking at trabeculae appearance
Slide 33-

ppt slide no 33 content not found
Slide 34-

ppt slide no 34 content not found
Slide 35-

ppt slide no 35 content not found
Slide 36-

ppt slide no 36 content not found
Slide 37-

C. CARTILAGE SPACES 1. Assess joint space width 2. Assess subchondral bone 3. Assess the epiphysis and growth plates
Slide 38-

ppt slide no 38 content not found
Slide 39-

ppt slide no 39 content not found
Slide 40-

ppt slide no 40 content not found
Slide 41-

s: SOFT TISSUES 1. Assess the gross size of the musculature (Fig 17) 2. Assess outline of joint capsules: normally indistinct; become obvious during episodes of increased joint volume from infection, hemorrhage or inflammation 3. Assess the periosteum: normally indistinct; (Fig 18)
Slide 42-

ppt slide no 42 content not found
Slide 43-

XRAYS
Slide 44-

ppt slide no 44 content not found
Slide 45-

ppt slide no 45 content not found
Slide 46-

ppt slide no 46 content not found
Slide 47-

ppt slide no 47 content not found
Slide 48-

ppt slide no 48 content not found
Slide 49-

ppt slide no 49 content not found
Slide 50-

ppt slide no 50 content not found
Slide 51-

ppt slide no 51 content not found
Slide 52-

ppt slide no 52 content not found
Slide 53-

ppt slide no 53 content not found
Slide 54-

ppt slide no 54 content not found
Slide 55-

ppt slide no 55 content not found
Slide 56-

ppt slide no 56 content not found
Slide 57-

ppt slide no 57 content not found
Slide 58-

ppt slide no 58 content not found
Slide 59-

ppt slide no 59 content not found
Slide 60-

ppt slide no 60 content not found
Slide 61-

Lateral view AP View Sunrise view
Slide 62-

ppt slide no 62 content not found
Slide 63-

ppt slide no 63 content not found
Slide 64-

AP Ankle xray
Slide 65-

Lateral View
Slide 66-

Oblique