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1
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2 MODULE 4 DEVELOPMENT OF IMO MARITIME SECURITY POLICY
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3 Module Objectives background to the IMO position on maritime security measures required by SOLAS, the ISPS Code, and the ILO/IMO Code of Practice on Security in Ports responsibilities of Governments, ports and companies
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4 Maritime Security in Context Do not look at maritime security in isolation. Remember IMO maritime security regulations and guidelines form part of an integrated approach to countering terrorism.
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5 Achille Lauro – October 1985
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6 History Resolution A.584(14) - 1985 MSC/Circ.443 - 1986
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7 History SUA Convention and Protocol - 1988
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8 History MSC/Circs. 622 & 623 - 1993 MSC/Circ.754 - 1996 Resolution A.871(20) - 1997 Resolution A.872(20) - 1997
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9 USS Cole – October 2000
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10 11 September 2001
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11 History Resolution A.924(22) - 2001
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12 Limburg – October 2002
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13 Diplomatic Conference December 2002 Conference resolution 1 SOLAS Chapter V SOLAS Chapter XI-1 SOLAS Chapter XI-2
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14 Diplomatic Conference December 2002 Conference resolution 2 International Ship & Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) Part A – Mandatory Part B - Recommendatory
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15 SOLAS Chapter XI-2 (1) Regulations: 1 Definitions Application Obligations of Contracting Governments with respect to maritime security 4 Requirements for Companies and ships Specific responsibility for Companies Ship security alert system
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16 SOLAS Chapter XI-2 (2) Regulations: 7 Threats to ships 8 Master’s discretion for ship safety and security 9 Control and compliance measures 10 Requirements for port facilities 11 Alternative security agreements 12 Equivalent security arrangements 13 Communication of information
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17 ISPS Code (1) Preamble Part A and Part B 1 General (introduction, objectives and functional requirements) / Introduction 2 Definitions 3 Application 4 Responsibilities of Contracting Governments 5 Declaration of security
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18 ISPS Code (2) 6 Obligations of the Company 7 Ship security 8 Ship security assessment 9 Ship security plan 10 Records 11 Company security officer Ship security officer 13 Training, drills and exercises on ship security
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19 ISPS Code (3) 14 Port facility security 15 Port facility security assessment 16 Port facility security plan 17 Port facility security officer 18 Training, drills and exercises on port facility security 19 Verification and certification for ships
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20 Diplomatic Conference December 2002 Other Conference resolutions
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21 Rationale -- Risk management activity - Appropriate security measures - Risk assessment - ISPS Code standard framework evaluating risk change threat level change vulnerability of ships/port facility Functional security requirements for ships and port facilities
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22 Responsibilities of Governments (1) Determination of Port Facilities Designated Authorities Recognised Security Organizations (RSOs)
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23 Recognized Security Organizations Ship Security Assessments Approval of Ship Security Plan On-board verification Certification Port Facility Security Assessments Port Facility Security Plans An RSO CANNOT validate or certify its own plan
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24 Responsibilities of Governments (2) Three security levels: Security Level 1, normal: at which ships and port facilities normally operate Security Level 2, heightened: applying as long as there is a heightened risk of a security incident Security Level 3, exceptional: applying for the period of time when there is the probable or imminent risk of a security incident
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25 Responsibilities of Governments (3) Port state control Additional control measures
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26 Responsibilities of Governments (4) Port Facility Security Assessment Approval of security plans Communication of information
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27 Responsibilities of Governments (5) Verification and certification for ships International Ship Security Certificate (ISSC) Seafarers’ rights
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28 Responsibilities of CSO/SSO (1) Company security officer (CSO) Ship security officer (SSO) Ship security assessment (SSA) Ship security plan(s) (SSP)
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29 Responsibilities of CSO/SSO (2) International Ship Security Certificate (ISSC) Automatic identification system (AIS) Ship security alert system (SSAS) Declaration of Security (DoS) Training
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30 Ship Security – Process for issuing ISSC appoint a company security officer train the company security officer carry out a ship security assessment produce a ship security plan get the ship security plan approved
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31 Ship Security – Process for issuing ISSC get the plan to the ship designate a ship security officer on each ship train the ship security officer train those crew who have specific security responsibilities
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32 Ship Security – Process for issuing ISSC train the remainder of the crew implement the SSP on the ship obtain verification and an ISSC exercise the SSP ensure adequate security resources
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33 Documents Documents to be carried on board: Ship Security Plan ISSC Continuous synopsis record Security activities at last ten port calls
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34 Responsibilities of PFSO (1) Port facility security assessment (PFSA) Port facility security officer (PFSO) Port facility security plan(s) (PFSP)
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35 Stages in Port Facility Security Does the port need to comply with the ISPS Code or national maritime security legislation? If yes, the Contracting Governments selects the port facilities within the port Port Facility Security Officer appointed Port Facility Security Officer trained
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36 Stages in Port Facility Security the Contracting Government (or RSO) carries out the Port Facility Security Assessment (PFSA) a Port Facility Security Plan based on the PFSA is compiled all port employees with specific security responsibilities are trained the remainder of the employees are trained
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37 Stages in Port Facility Security the PFSP is implemented the assessment and plan is sent to the Contracting Government to obtain a statement of compliance the plan is periodically tested
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38 Responsibilities of PFSO (1) Operational and physical security measures Respond to security level Declaration of security (DoS) Training
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39 Developments since December 2002
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40 MSC 77 (May/June 2003) Guidance on SSAS, role of MRCCs, authorization of RSOs and implementation of SOLAS XI-2 and the ISPS Code Model courses for SSOs, CSOs and PFSOs September 2003
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41 23rd ASSEMBLY (November/December 2003) Assembly resolution A.959(23) on Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR) Amended resolution A.890 - Principles of Safe Manning - A.955(23) COMSAR 8 (February 2004) Preliminary consideration of LRIT Further work on SSAS
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42 MSC 78 (May 2004) Progressed work on LRIT Reaffirmed that ship’s master can be SSO Guidance on security alerts; SOLAS regulations XI-2/6 and XI-2/7; implementation of SOLAS Chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code; shore leave and access to ships; and port State security control
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43 Co-operation IMO / WCO Integrity of the multi-modal transport chain Container examination /screening / sealing Use of modern security technology Consider the value of "trusted” agents and shippers Balance between security and facilitation
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44 ILO/IMO Code of practice on security in ports Seafarers Identity Documents (Revised) Convention (No. 185) Co-operation IMO/ILO
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45 Adopted By A Tripartite Meeting Of Experts On Security, Safety And Health In Ports (Geneva, 8-17 December 2003) & Approved By The ILO Governing Body (March 2004) And By the IMO MSC 78 (May 2004)
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46 ILO/IMO Code of Practice Terms of Reference Consider and recommend … any further guidance, which may be required, on the wider issue of port security …. relevant to port areas, including the question of verifiable identification of those working within these areas or having access to such areas ….
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47 ILO/IMO Code of Practice Terms of Reference Consider the need for any mandatory requirements relating to the above ….
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48 ILO/IMO Code of Practice Guidance to the ILO/IMO Working Group The COP should not be prescriptive. The approach will be to identify tasks and roles rather than responsibilities. The COP should not repeat or duplicate the ISPS Code
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49 ILO/IMO Code of Practice Guidance to the ILO/IMO Working Group The ISPS Code terminology and definitions should be used as far as they apply to its requirements A “Framework” to identify a comprehensive port area security strategy and countermeasures for identified security threats
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50 ILO/IMO Code of Practice Guidance to the ILO/IMO Working Group The COP should be designed to show how to identify security threats and risks based on assessment of vulnerability and consequences The COP should cover all port areas
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51 ILO/IMO Code of Practice Guidance to the ILO/IMO Working Group The COP should pursue its objectives through a port security committee, port security assessments, port security plans & port security officers The COP should include status of and response to security levels and changes to security levels
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52 ILO/IMO Code of Practice Guidance to the ILO/IMO Working Group The COP should take account of other preventative and consequence management systems & other related rules, regulations and best practices used to deter or minimize security risks Due consideration should be given to classified material and proprietary information to protect members’ security and commercial interests
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53 ILO/IMO Code of Practice Guidance to the ILO/IMO Working Group It should be borne in mind that the COP is also for the benefit of developing countries
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54 SPECIAL FEATURES Advocates a proactive approach to port security Provides useful guidelines to help reduce the risk to ports from threats posed by unlawful acts Offers a valuable framework for formulating and implementing security strategies and identifying potential risks to a port’s security Outlines security roles, tasks and measures to deter, detect and respond to unlawful acts against ports ILO/IMO Code of Practice on Security in Ports (2004)
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55 SPECIAL FEATURES Addresses the vital issues of security awareness and training Offers assistance in maximizing the effectiveness of security measures through systematic drills, exercises, tests and audits of security procedures to identify and correct non-compliance, failures and weaknesses Includes practical examples of a port security assessment and a port security plan ILO/IMO Code of Practice on Security in Ports (2004)
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56 SHIP SHIP PORT FACILITY (PFSO & PFSP) PORT (PSO & PSP) Ship / Port Interface – SOLAS XI-2 & ISPS Code Port Area - ILO / IMO Code of Practice PORT FACILITY (PFSO & PFSP)
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57 COP Summary Put Simply…. PSO is the mother of all PFSOs & PSP is the mother of all PFSPs.
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58 RESPOND TO SITATIONS BY USING THE APPROPRIATE TOOLS
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59 MSC 79 (December 2004) Guidance on: security information prior to entry into port; port security self-assessment; implementation of SOLAS Chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code; notification of flag States for ships subject to port State security control
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60 LRIT Co-operation between IMO/ILO Co-operation between IMO/WCO Ongoing development of guidance on uniform and consistent implementation of SOLAS XI-2 and ISPS Code Future Work Programme (1)
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61 Review of resolutions A.787 and A.882 (Port State Control) and other IMO documents to include security provisions, if appropriate Review of facilitation aspects including FAL Forms and EDI Review of resolution A.872 - Illicit drugs Future Work Programme (2)
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62 Module Summary background to the IMO position on maritime security measures required by SOLAS, the ISPS Code, and the ILO/IMO Code of Practice on Security in Ports responsibilities of Governments, ports and companies
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63 ?