Cardiac Care: Structure & Function of the Heart and Circulatory System

Cardiac Care Structure and Function of the Heart and Circulatory System PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : The heart and circulatory system work together to pump and distribute oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. The heart, a muscular organ, has four chambers that coordinate to receive and send blood. The circulatory system includes arteries, veins, and capillaries, ensuring efficient blood flow. Cardiac care focuses on maintaining heart health through lifestyle choices, medical interventions, and monitoring conditions like hypertension and heart disease. Proper care supports circulation, reducing risks and promoting overall well-being.

Tags : Cardiac Care, Heart Health, Circulatory System, Heart Function, Blood Flow, Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Structure, Medical Intervention, Hypertension, Healthy Lifestyle

Published on : Apr 14, 2025 | Views : 354 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Cardiac Care Structure and Function of the Heart and Circulatory System
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Structure and Function of the Heart and Circulatory System The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. This system plays a vital role in: Delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues. Removing carbon dioxide and waste products. Regulating body temperature and maintaining homeostasis. The circulatory system includes: Heart: A muscular organ. Arteries and Arterioles: Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. Veins and Venules: Return oxygen-poor blood to the heart. Capillaries: Sites of gas exchange.
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Gross Anatomy of the Heart and Circulatory System The heart is a fist-sized, hollow organ located in the thoracic cavity. It consists of:
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The Heart The heart serves as a double pump: Pulmonary Circulation: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Systemic Circulation: Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. It operates continuously to ensure that every cell receives the oxygen and nutrients required for survival.
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Heart Wall The heart wall is composed of three distinct layers: Epicardium: External layer that provides lubrication. Myocardium: Thick, contractile layer responsible for pumping action. Endocardium: Inner layer that prevents blood adhesion. These layers work harmoniously to maintain cardiac function.
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Valves The heart contains four valves to ensure unidirectional blood flow: Atrioventricular Valves (A-V): Tricuspid (right) and Mitral (left). Semilunar Valves: Pulmonary and Aortic valves. Each valve opens and closes in response to pressure changes during the cardiac cycle.
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A-V Valves The tricuspid valve connects the right atrium to the right ventricle. The mitral valve connects the left atrium to the left ventricle. Their primary function is to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction (systole).
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Semi-lunar Valves The pulmonary valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries. The aortic valve regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. These valves prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles after contraction.
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Coronary Arteries The heart muscle is supplied with oxygen-rich blood by the left and right coronary arteries. Branches include: Left anterior descending artery (LAD). Circumflex artery These arteries emerge from the base of the aorta.
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Coronary Circulation Coronary circulation ensures that the heart muscle receives adequate oxygen and nutrients to function efficiently. Its pathway: Blood enters coronary arteries from the aorta. Delivers oxygen and nutrients to myocardium. Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right atrium via coronary veins.
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Microscopy of Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle Fibers are striated and interconnected by intercalated discs. Features: Syncytium formation for synchronized contraction. High mitochondrial density for energy production. Allows continuous and efficient pumping action.
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Normal Physiology of the Heart The heart's function relies on a coordinated contraction and relaxation cycle. Blood flow is driven by pressure gradients created during the cardiac cycle. The intrinsic electrical conduction system regulates heartbeat rhythm.
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Conductive System of the Heart The heart's conductive system ensures rhythmic contractions: SA Node: Pacemaker, initiates electrical impulses. AV Node: Relays impulses to the ventricles. Bundle of His & Purkinje Fibers: Spread the impulse for synchronized contraction.
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Cardiac Cycle The cardiac cycle consists of: Diastole: Relaxation phase; chambers fill with blood Systole: Contraction phase; blood is ejected from the chambers. Each phase is essential for efficient circulation.

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