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Brain Tumor 101 PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on astrocytoma in childhood, which is titled "Brain Tumor 101", to know everything about brain tumors, including brain tumors in children.

Tags : astrocytoma, childhood, Brain Tumor, 101, Neoplasm, Lesion, Space occupying mass

Published on : May 06, 2021 | Views : 2730 | Downloads : 12

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Slide 1-

Brain Tumor 101
Slide 2-

Brain Tumors Defined
Slide 3-

What is a brain tumor? A collection of abnormal cells that grows in the brain or central spine canal One abnormal cell becomes two, two becomes four, four becomes eight,until there is a lump of abnormal cells
Slide 4-

How do tumors form? Research is still trying to determine Multiple insults to the cell? One big hit? Compromised immune system? Cell-to-cell communications?
Slide 5-

Other terms Tumor Other terms Neoplasm Lesion Space occupying mass
Slide 6-

Common signs and symptoms of a brain tumor unusual headaches seizure(s) memory, personality, or behavior changes inability to process incoming information correctly visual changes: blurred vision, double vision change in motor control
Slide 7-

Symptoms – correspond to tumor location and size & type of tumor
Slide 8-

How brain tumors are diagnosed - MRI MRI scanning remains the gold standard CT scan for emergencies, then MRI
Slide 9-

Diagnosis continued… Surgery/tissue samples still most reliable method Biomarkers in tissue and bodily fluids are being used to confirm diagnosis
Slide 10-

Two broad categories of brain tumors Primary Brain Tumors in U.S. begin in the brain, tend to stay in the brain incidence = nearly 79,000 diagnosed annually 4,800 are children Prevalence = nearly 700,000 people “benign versus malignant” and everything between Metastatic Brain Tumors in the U.S. begin as a cancer elsewhere which spreads to the brain always malignant
Slide 11-

Imaging - Primary and Metastatic
Slide 12-

Metastatic brain tumors “Type” = the site of the primary cancer Single or multiple tumors Patients tend to receive treatment for metastatic brain tumor by oncologist who treated primary site, or a neuro- oncologist who specializes in brain tumors.
Slide 13-

Primary brain tumors Begin in the brain Over 100 types “Type” determined by cell type; classification changing to biologic differences The biology provides clues as to why some people do better than others Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) tracks the incidence of brain tumors
Slide 14-

Is it cancer? Primary tumors: Benign versus Malignant
Slide 15-

Tumor grading International grading system by WHO Graded I – IV Grade I – least malignant, slow growth Grade II – slow growing, but can spread, some recurrence Grade III – faster growing, “malignant,” often recurrence Grade IV – fastest, most aggressive Tumor may contain several “grades” of cells at once
Slide 16-

Most common primary brain tumors Meningioma Gliomas Low Grade Astrocytoma Malignant Astrocytoma Glioblastoma Oligodendroglioma Medulloblastoma, Ependymoma, Pilocytic Astrocytoma (more common in children)
Slide 17-

Meningioma Most common type of primary tumorArises from the meninges = the lining of the brain Google Images, www.student.bmj.com (Left is right, right is left, bone is bright white)
Slide 18-

Malignant Glioma Gliomas arise from the glial, or “gluey,” parts of the brain Different types of gliomas = astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, mixed gliomas (Left is right, right is left, bone is bright white, malignant tumor with contrast dye is grey) Midline shift, Google Images, http://www.ispub.com/xml/journals/ija/vol8n2/pregnant-fig1.jpg
Slide 19-

Anaplastic Astrocytoma High grade tumor, pre-treatment(Left is right, right is left) http://radiopaedia.org/cases/anaplastic-astrocytoma-who-grade-iii
Slide 20-

Glioblastoma
Slide 21-

Who is Most Affected by Brain Tumors? Brain tumors do not discriminate But, different tumor types at different ages
Slide 22-

Common tumors by age
Slide 23-

Common tumors by age continued…
Slide 24-

How are brain tumors treated? Surgery to remove tumor bulk Radiation to disable cell reproduction/shrink the tumor Chemotherapy to either kill tumor cells or interfere with their growth
Slide 25-

Where are new treatments headed? Neuronavigation setup with VarioGuide™, courtesy BrainLab
Slide 26-

Where new treatments are headed cont. Enhanced tumor cell visibility/visualizing single cells live imaging and treatment during surgery Highly focused radiation, radiation enhancers Targeted drug therapies, “Repurposed” drugs Low intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating electric fields that disrupt cell growth Immune system enhancing drugs Combination diagnostics and therapeutics Biomarkers
Slide 27-

Prognosis Definition: Prediction of how long someone may live with a tumor Benign tumors = greatest predictor of survival is extent of tumor removal/likelihood of recurrence, long term survival impacted by QOL Malignant tumors = greatest predictor is age (< 45), amount of tumor removed, type of tumor/biologic activity, functional status Why may one GBM be different than the next? general health/co-morbidities and location
Slide 28-

Effects on patients with Malignant Tumors neurocognition – slower processing poor attention short term memory lack of abstract thinking ability changes in personality/judgment fatigue headaches left/right, up/down confusion visual changes/lack of depth perception
Slide 29-

Effects on patients with Benign Tumors “But you look fine to me” fatigue math, reading challenges short term memory issues employment/job related challenges balance, walking challenges personality/mood changes
Slide 30-

Effects on the family change of traditional roles single parenting in a two parent household loss of relationships as they existed caregiving/caretaking/safety responsibilities fear of seizures fear of personality/behavior changes fear of the unknown fear of the future “care of the caregiver” takes second or third place
Slide 31-

Recap Tumors that begin in the brain are called ____________ brain tumors. What is the annual incidence of brain tumors? Name two common types of brain tumors. What is the most common type of primary brain tumor? How are brain tumors diagnosed? Treated? What are some of the effects of a brain tumor?
Slide 32-

Contact information Phone: 1-800-886-ABTA (2282) Email: abtacares@abta.org Online: www.abta.org www.facebook.com/theABTA www.twitter.com/theABTA