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Biosafety Cabinets PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Biosafety Cabinets

Tags : biology,infectious,diseases

Published on : Nov 15, 2020 | Views : 5327 | Downloads : 51

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BIOCONTAINMENT FACILITIES AND BSL-2,3,4 SUBMITTED TO:- Dr Hari Mohan SUBMITTED BY:- Manya Batra III SEM Msc CMBT Roll NO :-1410
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WHAT IS BIOSAFETY ? Biosafety is the application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorians risk of exposure to a potentially infectious material and limit contamination of the work environment and ultimately the community. Eg:- Safety from exposure to infectious agent like smallpox. Principles and practices employed to protect laboratory personnel and the environment from exposure or infection while working with living organisms, biological materials, or agents. Included are any materials that may be potentially infectious. Includes recombinant DNA research
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BIOCONTAINMENT Preventing the unintentional release of biological agents through a combination of laboratory practices, containment equipment (primary barrier) and laboratory facility design (secondary barrier)
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Primary barriers contain Equipment/Engineering Control:- Biological safety cabinet, fume hood, glove box, animal housing, centrifuge, fermenter. Secondary barrier is the structure surrounding the primary barrier Facility/Engineering Control :-Rooms, building Types of Facilities :- Basic laboratory, Containment laboratory
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PRIMARY BARRIERS :- EQUIPMENT
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CHEMICAL FUME HOOD Offers only personnel protection Do not offer protection to the product or the environment, as there is no filtration of intake and exhaust air (Sometimes air cleaning treatment is added to the exhaust). Used for work with chemical hazards 100 fpm face velocity
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LAMINAR FLOW HOOD Provide product protection only Product protection is provided by creating a unidirectional airflow generated through a HEPA filter Discharge air goes directly into workroom Applications Any application where the product is not hazardous but must be kept contaminant free Preparation of non-hazardous intravenous mixtures and media Particulate free assembly of sterile equipment and electronic devices
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BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETS Primary means of containment developed for working safely with infectious microorganisms Designed to contain biological hazards Supply air HEPA filter for product protection (except Class I) Inward airflow for personnel protection HEPA filtered exhaust air for environmental protection Separated into Classes and Types – Class I Class II • Type A1, A2 • Type B1, B2 Class III Microbiological studies, cell cultures, pharmaceutical research etc.
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CLASS I CABINET Provides personnel and environmental protection but no product protection. Exhaust system- HEPA filter. The inward flow of air can contribute to contamination of samples. BSCs of this class are either ducted (connected to the building exhaust system) or un-ducted (re-circulating filtered exhaust back into the laboratory Inward airflow is maintained at 75 fpm velocity
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CLASS II CABINET Provides personnel, product, and environmental protection Widely used in clinical, hospital, life science, research and pharmaceutical laboratories. Have 3 main features: Downward HEPA filtered unidirectional/laminar airflow for product protection Open front with careful maintained inward airflow for personnel protection HEPA filtered exhaust air to the room or to a facility exhaust system for environmental protection
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CLASS II CABINET :- TYPE A1 The filtered makeup air is divided equally over the work surface at about two to six inches above the work surface. Exhaust is drawn at the bottom of the cabinet where it rises to the top. At the top of the cabinet, 70% of the air re-circulates through the supply HEPA filter, the other 30% of air exhausted through the exhaust HEPA filter into the room. This is due to the relative sizes of the two filters, and dampers typically allow the adjustment of this ratio. Face Velocity of >0.38 m/s or 75 lfpm
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CLASS II CABINET :- TYPE A2 Face Velocity of >0.51m/s or >100lfpm HEPA filtered exhaust air may be re-circulated into the room or released outside 70% of air is re-circulated, 30% of air filtered through HEPA and exhausted into the room.
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CLASS II CABINET :- TYPE B2 Face Velocity of >0.51m/s or >100lfpm These cabinets must be hard ducted to an exhaust system rather than exhausted through a thimble connection 30% of air is re-circulated to work area through HEPA supply filter and exhausts 70% of circulated air through HEPA exhaust filter Since exhaust air is drawn from the rear grille, Type B1 offers more protection to the personnel if vapour source is at rear of work area. Suitable for work with low levels of volatile toxic chemicals and trace amounts of radionuclide.
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CLASS II CABINET :- TYPE B2 Face Velocity of >0.51m/s or >100lfpm 0% air re-circulated, 100% exhausted from cabinet These cabinets must be hard-ducted to an exhaust system rather than exhausted through a thimble connection Widely used in toxicology labs and similar labs where clean air is essential. Additionally, there is the risk that contaminated air would flow into the laboratory if the exhaust system for a Type B1 or B2 cabinet were to fail. To mitigate this risk, cabinets of these types generally monitor the exhaust flow, shutting off the supply blower and sounding an alarm if the exhaust flow is insufficient.
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CLASS III CABINET Used to work with microbiological agents assigned to biosafety level 4 Provides maximum protection to personnel and environment Generally only installed in maximum containment laboratories ClassIII BSC may be connected to a double-door autoclave. Heavy duty rubber Gloves attached to the front prevent direct contact with hazardous materials (Class III cabinets are sometimes called glove box). Supply air is HEPA filtered and exhaust air is double HEPA filtered. Air flow is maintained by a dedicated exhaust system exterior to the cabinet, which keeps cabinet interior under negative pressure
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BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1 (BSL-1 n ABSL-1) Suitable for wok involving well characterized agents not known to consistently cause diseases in immuno-competent adult humans. Prophylactic treatment available Open bench procedures Animals in open cage system or open environment (outdoors) Good laboratory practices
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Risk Group 1 Agents :- E.coli K-12 , Transgenic Plants , Plasmids , Fungi , Mold , Yeast. BSL-1 Practices :- Bench-top work allowed Daily Decontamination Mechanical pipetting Required Handwashing after removing gloves and before leaving lab. Red bag waste Bio cabinet not required (unless creating aerosols) Decontamination of laboratory waste
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BIOSAFETY LEVEL 2 Builds upon BSL-1 BSL-2 is suitable for work involving agents that pose moderate hazards to personnel and the environment. Agents associated with human disease Treatment for disease available (Antibiotics/Vaccines) Laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents Personnel are supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures Access to the laboratory is restricted when work is being conducted All procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in biological safety cabinets (BSCs) or other physical containment equipment.
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Risk Group 2 Agents :- Human or Primate Cells ,Herpes Simplex Virus , Replication Incompetent Attenuated Human Immunodeficiency Virus , Patient specimens BSL-2 Practices :- Limited access to lab when work in progress Daily decontamination Mechanical pipetting Labcoat, safety glasses and gloves required Red bag & sharps containers required Biohazard Sign posted at entrance to lab Label all equipment (incubators, freezers, etc.) Documented training Baseline serology or prevaccination may be require
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BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3 Is applicable to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities where work is performed with indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease through inhalation route exposure. Treatment may or may not exist Laboratory personnel must receive specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents Must be supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures. Personnel wear additional appropriate personal protective equipment including respiratory protection as determined by risk assessment
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RISK GROUP 3 AGENTS SARS Rift valley fever Human Immunodeficiency Virus Yellow fever virus Hanta virus Prions M. tuberculosis, M. bovis Coxiella burnetii Franciella tulerensis Plasmodium No parasitic agents
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BSL-3 PRACTICES :- Public access NOT permitted Daily decontamination after spill and upon completion of experiment Autoclave required and waste is disposed at the end of day Required foot activated handwashing sink and controls No sharps Aerosol minimization procedures required Wrap around disposable clothing is required. Specialized equipment may be required depending upon procedures Biohazard Signs and labels posted Air flow from low hazard to high hazard “Pressure Mapping”
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Documented training and personnel competency certification (for BSL-3 procedures) Baseline serology Spills – report immediately and treat accordingly Vaccinations/post exposure protocols Biosafety Manual Biosafety Officer
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BIOSAFETY LEVEL 4:- working with high containment Required for work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of life-threatening disease, aerosol transmission or related agent with unknown risk of transmission. Life threatening disease No known treatment available Laboratory staff must have specific and thorough training in handling extremely hazardous infectious agents. Laboratory staff must understand the primary and secondary containment functions of standard and special practices, containment equipment, and laboratory design characteristics. All laboratory staff and supervisors must be competent in handling agents and procedures requiring BSL-4 containment. Access to the laboratory is controlled by the laboratory supervisor in accordance with institutional policies
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changing clothing before entering and exiting lab (showering upon exiting recommended-Chemical decontamination showers) decontaminating all material exiting facility (Liquid effluent collection / decontamination) Personnel must receive specialized training in handling extremely dangerous infectious agents, containment equipment and functions Immuno compromised persons are never allowed to enter the lab Two types of laboratory providing absolute separation of the worker from the infectious agents Suit Laboratory Cabinet Laboratory
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Risk group 4 agents:- Ebola Hemmorrhagic Fever Virus Marburg Virus Lassa Fever Virus Machupo virus No bacterial agents No fungal agents No parasitic agents
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THANK YOU