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Basic Cardiology PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : This is a simple ppt presentation which simply talks about the basics of cardiology...talks about specific types of the heart and how it works.

Tags : heart, cardiology

Published on : Jul 20, 2018 | Views : 2139 | Downloads : 21

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Slide 1-

Basic Cardiology
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The Heart Pericardium Epicardium Myocardium atrial muscle ventricular muscle conductive tissue Endocardium
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The Heart
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Myocardium branch intercalated disks with gap junctions
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Intercalated Disc
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Electrical Stimulation of the Heart
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Sinoatrial (SA) Node Right atrium Inherent rhythm 80-100 bpm) Usually sets the heart rate (sinus rhythm)
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Internodal & Interarterial Pathways Internodal Anterior Middle (Wenckebach branch) Posterior Interatrial Anterior Interarterial band or Bachmann’s bundle
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Atrioventricular (AV) Junction AV Node Located at the base of the right atria near the interventricular septum Smaller cells, fewer gap junctions, slower Maximal rate is ~230 per minute; also maximal ventricular rate
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AV Junction AV Bundle or Bundle of His Only cellular connection between atria and ventricles Together with AV node make up the AV junctional tissue Intrinsic heart rate of 40-60 bpm If SA node fails, AV junctional tissue can control heart rate Slows down the cardiac impulse
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Bundle Branches Right and left branches Two left branches (sometimes three) Left anterior fascicle or left anterior bundle branch; thinner, carries impulses to septum, left anterior wall, and anterior papillary muscle Left posterior fascicle or l. post. bundle branch; thicker, carries impulses to posterior, inferior, left ventricular free wall and posterior papillary m. with dual blood supply, less likely to become ischemic, Both left and right BB travel down towards the apex of the heart where they fan out into Purkinje fibers
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Purkinje Fibers Pass through the ventricular myocardium Contraction starts at the apex Fast rate of action potential generation, numerous sodium ion channels and mitochondria and fewer myofibrils
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Electrical Stimulation of the Heart Video
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“If you understand the normal physiologic stimulation of the heart, you have the basis for understanding the abnormalities of heart rhythm and conduction the produce distinctive ECG patterns.” p. 5
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Electrocardiogram SA node AV node Bundle branches Purkinje fibers Atrial depolarization Ventricle depolarization Ventricle repolarization
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Electrocardiogram
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Rhythms Normal conduction Sinus Rhythm Abnormal conduction Junctional rhythm e.g. escape pacemaker Ventricular rhythm
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Cardiac Conductivity SA node - slow Internodal pathways - fast AV node - slow Purkinje fibers - faster
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Cardiac Automaticity Automaticity SA node - primary pacemaker Other sites e.g. AV junction Certain conditions increase the automaticity of ectopic pacemakers Ectopic = outside of the sinus node pacemaker (non-sinus)
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Abnormalities AV heart block = blockage of stimuli through AV junction Bundle Branch Block = disease of bundle branches ST segment changes = damage to ventricular muscle
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Coronary Arteries
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Coronary Arteries The Left Main (LM) Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Left Circumflex (LCX). The Right Coronary Artery (RCA) The RCA on the posterior part of the heart is often called the Posterior Descending Artery (PDA), in most cases it originate from the RCA but in some cases it comes from LCX.
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Coronary Artery Perfusion
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Class Organization Resting 12 lead ECG Understanding normal 12 lead ECG and conditions that cause abnormal depolarization and repolarization Recognizing abnormal rhythms and AV conduction disturbances Associating the ECG arrhythmia with its pathology Exercise ECG Recognizing abnormal rhythms and AV conduction disturbances Associating the ECG arrhythmia with its pathology