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Aplasia - Abnormalities in Cell Growth PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Aplasia is a birth defect where an organ or tissue is wholly or largely absent. It is caused by a defect in a developmental process. Aplastic anemia is the failure of the body to produce blood cells. It may occur at any time, and has multiple causes.

Tags : Aplasia Cutis Congenita, Hypoplasia of Bone Marrow

Published on : Oct 31, 2020 | Views : 2248 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Abnormalities in Cell Growth (Search & Label) Group 4: Manangan, Santos, Tolentino, villanueva
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Aplasia Aplasia is a birth defect where an organ or tissue is wholly or largely absent. It is caused by a defect in a developmental process. Aplastic anemia is the failure of the body to produce blood cells. It may occur at any time, and has multiple causes.
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Aplasia I. Aplasia Cutis Congenita Aplasia cutis congenita is a condition in which there is congenital (present from birth) absence of skin, with or without the absence of underlying structures such as bone. It most commonly affects the scalp, but any location of the body can be affected. While most people with aplasia cutis congenita have no other abnormalities, some people have congenital malformations involving the cardiovascular (heart), gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and central nervous systems.
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Aplasia I. Aplasia Cutis Congenita The cause of this condition is unclear and appears to be multifactorial (many different factors appear to play a role); contributing factors may include teratogens, genes, trauma, and compromised blood flow to the skin. Absence of epidermis Inflammatory infiltrates appear Blood vessels are proliferated
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Agenesia Agenesis, in human physiology, failure of all or part of an organ to develop during embryonic growth. Many forms of agenesis are consistently lethal, as when the entire brain is absent (anencephaly), but agenesis of one of a paired organ may create little disruption of normal function.
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Agenesia I. Agenesia of Cervix Cervical agenesis occurs when a girl is born without a cervix, the opening at the bottom of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Cervical agenesis usually occurs along with vaginal agenesis, a condition in which a girl is born without a vagina. Cervical agenesis arises during fetal development, during which time the paramesonephric duct fails to canalize in formation of the cervix.
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Agenesia I. Agenesia of Cervix Inflammatory infiltrates appear Scattered neutrophils in the glands and stroma
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Hypoplasia Hypoplasia is the underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or an organ. For example, hypoplasia of the enamel of the teeth indicates that the enamel coating is thinner than normal or missing in some but not all areas. Hypoplasia is less drastic than aplasia, where there is no development of a tissue or an organ at all.
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Hypoplasia I. Hypoplasia of Bone Marrow In hypoplasia, fat friction and adipocyte diameter increase is observed in a hypoplastic bone marrow. The occurrence of abundant microadipocytes in a hyaluronic acid matrix is observed in gelatinous degeneration of the bone marrow. There are also areas of preserved or hypoplastic bone marrow and focal gelatinous substance which are alternated. These are characteristic of predegenerated bone marrow samples.
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Hypoplasia I. Hypoplasia of Bone Marrow Hypocellularity is present There is a presence of eosinophilic amorphous substance Increased in cell debris
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Atresia Atresia is a condition in which an orifice or passage in the body is (usually abnormally) closed or absent. Examples of atresia include: Biliary atresia, a condition in newborns in which the common bile duct between the liver and the small intestine is blocked or absent.
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Atresia I. Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia Biliary atresia, also known as extrahepatic ductopenia and progressive obliterative cholangiopathy, is a childhood disease of the liver in which one or more bile ducts are abnormally narrow, blocked, or absent. It can be congenital or acquired. Biliary atresia is a progressive fibrosing obstructive cholangiopathy of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary system, resulting in obstruction of bile flow and neonatal jaundice.
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Atresia I. Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia Histopathological findings in liver biopsies include the expansion of the portal tracts, with edematous fibroplasia and bile ductular proliferation, with bile plugs in duct lumen. Lobular morphological features may include variable multinucleate giant cells, bilirubinostasis and hemopoiesis. Extensive Fibrosis Appearance of brown-green bile plugs Bile duct proliferation occurs
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Atrophy Atrophy, decrease in size of a body part, cell, organ, or other tissue. The term implies that the atrophied part was of a size normal for the individual, considering age and circumstance, prior to the diminution. In atrophy of an organ or body part, there may be a reduction in the number or in the size of the component cells, or in both.
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Atrophy I. Atrophy of Muscles Muscle atrophy is the wasting (thinning) or loss of muscle tissue. There are three types of muscle atrophy: physiologic, pathologic, and neurogenic. Physiologic atrophy is caused by not using the muscles enough. This type of atrophy can often be reversed with exercise and better nutrition. People who are most affected are those who: Have seated jobs, health problems that limit movement, or decreased activity levels Are bedridden Cannot move their limbs because of stroke or other brain disease Are in a place that lacks gravity, such as during space flights
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Atrophy I. Atrophy of Muscles Pathologic atrophy is seen with aging, starvation, and diseases such as Cushing disease (because of taking too much medicines called corticosteroids). Neurogenic atrophy is the most severe type of muscle atrophy. It can be from an injury to, or disease of a nerve that connects to the muscle. This type of muscle atrophy tends to occur more suddenly than physiologic atrophy.
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Atrophy I. Atrophy of Muscles Myofibers will be smaller and rounded Myofibers are smaller and angulated Large groups of atrophic myofibers
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Atrophy II. Brown Atrophy of Liver Liver atrophy results from a significant reduction of LBF containing hepatotrophic substances. The degree of atrophy depends on the degree of blood flow deprivation and may be distributed according to the source of deprivation, including PV or HA blood flow or their combination. Atrophic tissue that is yellowish-brown rather than its normal color. It is seen principally in the heart and liver of the aged. The pigmentation is due to the presence of lipofuscin, the “wear and tear” pigment that may be associated with aging.
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Atrophy II. Brown Atrophy of Liver Nuclei appearing more closely spaced Presence of lipofuscin granules Hepatocytes and their nuclei are reduced