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Alzheimers Disease PowerPoint Presentation

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NCM 117B ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
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Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. It is a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss and possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to the environment. Alzheimer's disease involves parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING THE TRUTH ABOUT ALZHEIMERS
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ETIOLOGY/RISK FACTORS Age 01 02 Family history 04 High cholesterol 03 High blood pressure MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING THE TRUTH ABOUT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Increasing age is the greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is not a part of normal aging, but as you grow older the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease increases. The patient is 71 years old and show symptoms at the age of 68, a year after his retirement. The risk of developing Alzheimer's is somewhat higher if a first-degree relative — parent or sibling — has the disease. As to the patient, his younger brother has a history of major depression and her mother had developed dementia in her 70s. Hypertension in older adults can cause tangles and plaques to form in the brain. These are both common markers of Alzheimer’s disease. High cholesterol levels at adult had more brain plaques. Brain plaques are caused by an accumulation of protein, amyloid.
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MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING THE TRUTH ABOUT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES 02 Sustained immune response and inflammation 03 Prion mechanisms 01 Amyloid hypothesis posits There are two pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. These are the extracellular beta-amyloid deposits and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. These two pathologic hallmarks lead to loss of synapses and neurons, which results in gross atrophy of the affected areas of the brain, typically starting at the mesial temporal lobe.
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To diagnose Alzheimer's dementia, a primary doctor, a neurologist or a geriatrician will review the patient’s medical history, medication history and symptoms. The doctor will also conduct several tests. During the appointment, the doctor will evaluate: Whether the patient have impaired memory or thinking (cognitive) skills Whether he/she exhibit changes in personality or behaviors The degree of the memory or thinking impairment or changes How the patient thinking problems affect the ability to function in daily life The cause of symptoms DIAGNOSIS: MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
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To assess the symptoms, the doctor may ask the patient to answer questions or perform tasks associated with the cognitive skills, such as the memory, abstract thinking, problem-solving, language usage and related skills. Mental status testing. The doctor may conduct mental status tests to test the thinking or cognitive and memory skills. Doctors use the scores on these test to evaluate the degree of cognitive impairment. DIAGNOSIS: MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
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As to the patient, the psychiatrist assesses the patient’s memory impairment and other thinking skills by asking the patient what the date of his appointment. He was able to name the year but failed to name month or day of the week. As the assessment goes on, the patient was able to name one out of 3 objects in two minutes, able to performed three of five subtractions correctly, able to name four common objects correctly and able to repeat a complex sentence without error. Also, he was instructed to draw a clock and place the numbers correctly but not able to correctly place the hands at 10 minutes after 2. DIAGNOSIS: MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
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DSM-V diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s Disease Minor neurocognitive disorder also medically referred to as Prodromal Disease or Mild Cognitive Disorder (MCI) and is defined by the following criteria: Major neurocognitive disorder is defined by the following: MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
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The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease worsen over time, although the rate at which the disease progresses varies. On average, a person with Alzheimer's lives four to eight years after diagnosis, but can live as long as 20 years, depending on other factors. Changes in the brain related to Alzheimer's begin years before any signs of the disease. This time period, which can last for years, is referred to as preclinical Alzheimer's disease. There are three categories of AD which are the mild, moderate and severe. Progression of Symptoms MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING As to the patient, the patient is having a Moderate AD. This is typically the longest stage and can last for many years. As the disease progresses, the person with Alzheimer's will require a greater level of care. During the middle stage of Alzheimer’s, the dementia symptoms are more pronounced. the person may confuse words, get frustrated or angry, and act in unexpected ways, such as refusing to bathe. Damage to nerve cells in the brain can also make it difficult for the person to express thoughts and perform routine tasks without assistance.
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Symptoms, which vary from person to person, may include: Being forgetful of events or personal history. Feeling moody or withdrawn, especially in socially or mentally challenging situations. Being unable to recall information about themselves like their address or telephone number, and the high school or college they attended. Experiencing confusion about where they are or what day it is. Experiencing changes in sleep patterns, such as sleeping during the day and becoming restless at night. Demonstrating personality and behavioral changes, including suspiciousness and delusions or compulsive, repetitive behavior like hand-wringing or tissue shredding. Progression of Symptoms MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING In the middle stage, the person living with Alzheimer’s can still participate in daily activities with assistance. It’s important to find out what the person can still do or find ways to simplify tasks. As the need for more intensive care increases, caregivers may want to consider respite care or an adult day center so they can have a temporary break from caregiving while the person living with Alzheimer’s continues to receive care in a safe environment.
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THE TRUTH ABOUT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE HOW TO RELIEVE STRESS Ask for help from the members of the family. Join a support group. Use relaxation techniques. Know what community resources are available MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
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MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING THE TRUTH ABOUT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE COMMUNITY RESOURCES AVAILABLE 02 Alzheimer’s Disease Association of the Philippines 01 Dementia Society Philippines Local community resources, programmes and services for Alzheimer’s Disease may be available. These include professional associations, organizations, local partnerships and support groups. Some organizations and associations are:
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MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY | COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSING THE TRUTH ABOUT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE COMMUNITY RESOURCES AVAILABLE 02 St. Luke’s Memory Service 01 RainTree Care Services and Senior Residences Valuable resources may span all aspects of alzheimer’s care, such as clinics with health practitioners who can manage dementia, adult day care centres, home care services, hospice care, volunteer groups, charitable foundations, and legal and transportation services. Which include the following:
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