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All About Drug Allergy PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Drug allergy is nothing but an immunologically mediated response to a pharmaceutical and/or formulation (excipient) agent in a sensitized person.

Tags : Allergy, drug,immunologically,pharmaceutical

Published on : Apr 21, 2020 | Views : 3951 | Downloads : 15

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Slide 1-

Dr. Sherry Dyer Adult and Pediatric Allergist & Immunologist All About Drug Allergy
Slide 2-

Drug allergy is nothing but an immunologically mediated response to a pharmaceutical and/or formulation (excipient) agent in a sensitized person. Roland Solensky, David A. Khan. Drug Allergy: An Updated Practice Parameter. Annals Of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 2010;105:273 Defining Drug allergy
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Drug-related factors Nature of a particular drug Degree of exposure to the drug (quantity, duration, frequency) Route of administration Cross-sensitization Host-related factors (related to people) Age of the host Sex of the host Genetic factors (HLA type, Acetylator status) Concurrent medical illness (e.g. Ebstein-Barr Virus (EBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), asthma) Previous drug reaction Multiple drug allergy syndrome Thong BY, Tan TC. Epidemiology and risk factors for drug allergy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 71:684-700. Drug allergy Risk Factors
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Drugs Allergies Benno Schnyder , Werner J.Pichler. Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Allergy. Mayo Clin Pro. 2009;84(3):268-272 Classifying Adverse Drug Reactions
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Type 1 Drug Hypersensitivity
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Type 2 Drug Hypersensitivity
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Based on an in-depth history of the commencement of symptoms combined with a temporal relationship between the appearance of those symptoms and drug use/discontinuation. Drug Reactions: Diagnosis
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Marc.A.Riedl, Adrian M.Casillas. Adverse Drug Reactions : Types and treatment options.American Family Physician.2003;68: 1786
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IgE mediated or not Measurement of mediators histamine tryptase leukotrienes Measurement of drug-specific IgE level: •measured by RAST or RIA Thong BY, Vervloet D.Drug Allergies. FAAAAI.2014 Drug Reactions: Diagnostic Test
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Skin test It is useful in the diagnosis of Ig-E mediated allergy skin prick test •intradermal test Thong BY, Vervloet D.Drug Allergies. FAAAAI.2014 Drug Reactions: Diagnostic Test
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Acute Immediate Management of IgE-Mediated Reactions Non serious (mild cutaneous) reactions: antihistamines Serious reactions (anaphylaxis): emergency management A-B-C IM epinephrine 0.3 mL of a 1:1,000 concentration up to every 5 minutes in adults or 0.01 mg/kg in children up to a maximum dose of 0.3 mg IM promethazine or intravenous diphenhydramine Intravenous fluids (colloids or crystalloids) Thong BY, Vervloet D.Drug Allergies. FAAAAI.2014 Drug Reactions: Treatment
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Acute Immediate Management of Non–IgE- Mediated Reactions Serious reactions TEN: High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG 1 g/kg/d for 2 days) Thong BY, Vervloet D.Drug Allergies. FAAAAI.2014 Drug Reactions: Treatment Non serious reactions: antihistamines
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Drug desensitization for IgE-mediated drug allergy Thong BY, Vervloet D.Drug Allergies. FAAAAI.2014
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Patients and their family members should be properly educated on the generic names of the drugs they are allergic to, and other potentially cross-reacting drugs Thong BY, Vervloet D.Drug Allergies. FAAAAI.2014 Drug Reactions: Prevention
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Drug-induced anaphylaxis is potentially very fatal. In SJS/TEN, the reported mortality rate differs from 30% to 50%. Ocular complications (i.e., nonhealing epithelial defects and visual impairment) SJS/TEN. Persistent dry eyes is the most common. Thong BY, Vervloet D.Drug Allergies. FAAAAI.2014 Drug Reactions: Prognosis
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Drug hypersensitivity results from interactions between a pharmacologic agent and the immune system of human beings. Immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions typically pose a predictable, more serious health risk with re-exposure to a drug Drug Reactions: Summary
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sherry

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