Abortion Medical Presentation

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Published on : May 25, 2019 | Views : 4336 | Downloads : 6

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ABORTION ABASOLA, Jemaross AMAR, Cherlly APOSTOL, Mary Jane BALUNAN, Mikaella CAAMPUED, Rachiel
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What is Abortion? ABORTION refers to the expulsion of human fetus before the period of viability.
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Expulsion of Human Fetus The expulsion of human fetus takes place INTENIONALLY OR UNIN-TENIONALLY, DELIBERATELY OR ACCIDENTALLY.
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Classifications of the Expulsion of Human Fetus The said expulsion,w/c is an untimely termination of pregnancy, may be classified into three major groups. Such as DIRECT, INDIRECT, AND SPONTANEOUS ABORTION.
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Different Types of Abortion Complete Abortion Incomplete Abortion Early Abortion Induced Abortion Criminal Abortion Habitual Abortion Infected Abortion Septic Abortion Threatened Abortion Spontaneous Abortion Inevitable Abortion Therapeutic Abortion
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COMPLETE ABORTION When the pre-born child and the placenta have been expelled from the uterus
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EARLY ABORTION It is within the first trimester of pregnancy, it includes the embryonic stage from the moment of conception
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INDUCED ABORTION An intentional (willful and deliberate) abortion brought about by mechanical (surgical) or chemical means. This is necessarily direct.
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CRIMINAL ABORTION In the Philippines, abortion in all its direct methods is illegal or criminal except, of course, indirect or accidentally spontaneous – that is, without any element of directly taking the life of pre-born child.
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HABITUAL ABORTION Spontaneous abortion or the so-called miscarriage occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies. Women who suffer from habitual abortion account for the majority of miscarriages.
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INFECTED ABORTION Possibly caused by an infection of the uterus or the genital tract, such as that which is caused by a venereal disease.
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SEPTIC ABORTION Possibly caused by an infection of the uterus.
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SPONTANEOUS ABORTION Caused by disease or accident. It is the unintentional expulsion of a fetus..
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THREATENED ABORTION A type of spontaneous abortion which usually includes vaginal bleeding and that the prognosis is doubtful for it may or may not redound to inevitable abortion.
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INEVITABLE ABORTION A type of spontaneous abortion which is commonly called miscarriage. Being spontaneous, inevitable abortion may be brought about by pathologic condition or accident causing definite expulsion of the human fetus.
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THERAPEUTIC ABORTION Usually takes its meaning as a direct and deliberate performance of expelling a human fetus to restore the mother’s health and/or save her from death. It has to be distinguished from a therapeutic abortion that is done indirectly.
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Different Methods of Surgical Abortion Suction Abortion D & C Abortion D & E Abortion Saline Abortion D & X Abortion Prostaglandin A. Hysterectomy A. Inter-cardiac Injection
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SUCTION ABORTION Also called ‘suction curettage,’ is approximately done during the first trimester up to 16 weeks so far. The abortionist begins by dilating the cervix. Then, he inserts a suction curette consisting of a hollow tube with a sharp tip into the cervix and then into the uterus. The suction machine tears the developing baby apart, sucks the pieces through the tube and deposits them into a bag. The abortionist or his assistant assembles or checks the body parts to ensure a complete abortion.
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DILATION and CURETTAGE (D&C) ABORTION This method of abortion is most often employed also during the first trimester of pregnancy. A sharp looped knife or curette (sharp curettage) is inserted into the uterus to scrape its walls. Then, the lodging baby is cut apart and its bodily parts are removed and checked for completeness. .
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DILATION and EVACUATION (D&E) ABORTION This method of abortion is most commonly used during the first half of the second trimester – 13 to 20 weeks, but is employed up to about 28 weeks of gestation. Usually, abortionist cuts off one or more of baby’s limbs and waits until he or she bleeds to death before proceeding with the abortion. In case of larger babies, big forceps are used to crush their heads and bodies inside the uterus. The bodily parts torn into pieces pass through the cervix and are removed.
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SALINE ABORTION This method of abortion is also known as ‘íntra-amniotic injection’ or ‘saline solution method’ utilized during the second trimester and early trimester. The procedure begins at the withdrawal of about 200 milliliters of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac. Then, the said fluid is replaced with saline or urea solution.
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DILATION & EXTRACTION (D&X) ABORTION This method of abortion is usually intended for a pre-born baby who has already attained the late second and third trimester of gestation age. Thus, it is used even during the period of visibility, say, seventh or eighth month. That is why it is also called ‘partial-birth abortion’.
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PROSTAGLANDIN ABORTION This method of abortion is performed during the late second trimester and third trimester of gestation. A prostaglandin hormone containing about eight milliliters is injected into the uterine muscle which contracts to expel the baby in an artificially-induced and extremely-violent premature labor that takes about 20 hours.
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HYSTEROTOMY ABORTION This method of abortion is actually a caesarian section done during the last trimester of pregnancy when other types of abortion are deemed dangerous to the mother. The uterus is surgically opened and the baby is lifted out. The baby is then either left to die or is deliberately killed.
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INTER-CARDIAC INJECTION ABORTION This method of abortion is employed during about sixteen weeks. Ultrasound imagery is used to point out the location of the baby so that a long needle may be guided to his/her heart. An amount of potassium chloride or some other fluid is injected causing the baby to have an immediate heart attack. After a period of days, the dead baby is delivered. Sometimes, the process is accelerated with cervical dilation followed by prostaglandin injections.
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Potential Physical Effects of Abortion Uterine Perforation Cervical Lacerations Placenta Previa Ectopic Pregnancy PID Endometritis Cervical, Liver, Ovarian Cancer Death
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UTERINE PERFORATION Between two and three percent of women who submit for abortion suffer perforations of the uterus. Most of the perforations caused during first trimester abortions are undiagnosed and may lead to problems requiring hysterectomy or other major corrective surgery, which, it itself, entails physical and psychological complications. Perforations that occur during the late-term abortions are more frequent and are always serious in nature.
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CERVICAL LACERATIONS Suturing of lacerated cervix occurs in about one per cent of all first-trimester abortions. Less severe undiagnosed cervical damage may result in subsequent cervical incompetence, premature delivery, and labor complications. Cervical damage and scarring of the endometrium due to abortion may also increase the risk of abnormal development of the placenta in subsequent pregnancies, thus increasing the risk of birth defects.
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PLACENTA PREVIA This involves a placenta (in abnormal position) being superimposed upon the os and causes severe hemorrhage during labor. Abortion increases the risk of this condition as often as it may be performed. Placenta previa may also lead to subsequent fetal malformation and perinatal death.
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ECTOPIC PREGNANCIES Abnormal location of the baby during subsequent pregnancies can be ascribed to previous abortion which can seriously threaten the mother’s fertility and even her life.
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PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID) This pathologic condition is life-threatening and can lead to subsequent infertility and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Twenty-five per cent of mothers who have Chlamydia – a female venereal disease – at the tie of their abortions tend to develop PID. Five per cent of those who do not have Chlamydia at the time (of their abortion) tend to develop PID.
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ENDOMETRITIS Abortion increases the risk of inflammation of the endometrium (the mucous membrane lining the uterus) especially among teenagers.
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CERVICAL, OVARIAN, AND LIVER CANCER Women who have had one abortion more than double their risks of cervical, ovarian, and liver cancer, and women with more than one abortion quadruple their risks.
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DEATH The vast majority of deaths are not reported as caused by abortion. Instead, they are attributed to other causes such as ‘blood poisoning,’ ‘anasthetic misadventure,’or ‘spontaneous gangrene of the ovaries.’
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Is Abortion MORAL?
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When is Abortion Morally Permissible?
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QUIZ!  Refers to the stage of gestation when the human fetus can survive outside the uterus Spontaneous abortion or the so-called miscarriage Possibly caused by infxn of the uterus Pre-born child and placenta have been expelled from the uterus Caused by disease or accident Also called suction curettage The skin of the baby is either completely burned or turned a cherry red color Actually a caesarean section done during the last trimester of pregnancy Abnormal location of the baby during subsequent pregnancies Low implantation