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Vertigo PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Vertigo” by Dr. Thamara Gunasekera.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about Vertigo is a medical condition characterized by a sensation of spinning or whirling, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and loss of balance. It can be caused by various factors, including inner ear problems, head injuries, certain medications, or neurological disorders.

Vertigo is different from dizziness, which is a feeling of lightheadedness, unsteadiness, or faintness. Dizziness can also be caused by a range of factors, including low blood pressure, dehydration, or anxiety.

Treatment for vertigo depends on the underlying cause. For example, if vertigo is caused by an inner ear problem, medications or specific exercises can be prescribed to help alleviate the symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.

If you are experiencing symptoms of vertigo, it is important to seek medical attention to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.

Tags : Vertigo, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Menieres disease, vestibular neuritis, Neurology, Neurology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 2057 | Downloads : 7

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Slide 1-

Vertigo Dr. Thamara Gunasekera GPST3
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Definition - sensation of movement , either of the patient in relation to the their environment or environment in relation to the patient Symptom rather than a disease. Usually caused by the dysfunction of the middle ear. Means different things to different people. Often has a rotational or spinning component. Vertigo is not a general imbalance or a light headedness or faint like disorientation
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What is ? Dizziness – difficult to define, may result form conditions of the inner ear or non ear conditions. Key - a good history to differentiate whether its vertigo or not Disequilibrium - the sense of feeling off balance without any actual sensation of movement Presyncope - the feeling of light headedness, often without any sensation of movement and often accompanied by a sense of impending loss of consciousness
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Anatomy and physiology Inner ear is about 2cm long and has 2 main parts The cochlea and the vestibular system The vestibular system comprised of - 3 semicircular canals -3 diff planes - otolith organs The cochlea is concerned with hearing while the vestibular system deals with balance
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History Onset of the symptoms Describe the symptoms - Tell me what it feels like ? - Avoid leading Q. Patient might make a gesture using the hand or the finger often a rotational movement ( This usually suggest U/L disease.) Time course : Is it worsening resolving or fluctuating ?
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Diagram of the inner ear
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Persistence : Is it constant or episodic ? Quantify the episodes : length, frequency Associated symptoms - Nausea - Anxiety - Neurological symptoms Are the episodes spontaneous or provoked ( eg: Head movement)
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H/O ear symptoms: earache, discharge, tinnitus, hearing loss Neurological symptoms Ophthalmological symptoms Family history Other RF for inner ear disease - Head injury - whiplash injury - Ototoxic medication
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Examination - How sure am I that this is only a peripheral vestibular disorder? - Should I seek ENT / Neuro/ Medical advise? - Is this BPPV ? Is Epley’s manoeuvre indicated?
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Examination Balance Gait- pt with vestibular pathology may veer towards the side of the lesion and use a wide based gait Otoscopy and tuning folk test for hearing Eyes- eye movements, nystagmus CNS examination- cerebellar signs, CN,
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Peripheral causes of Vertigo Vestibular neuronitis BPPV Meniere's Disease Recurrent vestibulopathy
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Vestibular neuronitis and labrynthitis Cause unknown Could be due to viral infection, therefore could have preceding URTI. Typically pt present with features of vertigo which lasts for days to weeks . Nystagmus is usually present Acute labrynthitis is form of vestibular neuronitis, which involves a single attack of vertigo, with hearing loss and often tinnitus. Hearing loss and tinnitus is often helpful to lateralise the lesion. Note- sudden onset hearing loss is an emergency.
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. Rx - Vestibular sedatives - prochloroperazine , - should not be prescribed more than a week as prolonged vestibular sedation interrupts the process of recalibration process and hinder the recovery.
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BPPV Self limiting , resolves spontaneously. Episodes of vertigo with nausea and general imbalance, lasting up to a minute. Usually precipitated by certain head movements Often lasting no longer than few months Dix- Hallpike positional testing is diagnostic and is treated with performing Epley’s manoeuvre.
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Meniere's Disease Triad of vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus Often describes an association of the feeling fullness in ear canal Episodes lasts for 30minutes to several hours. Difference with vestibular neuronitis - vestibular neuronitis : single attack - Meniere's : multiple attacks
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Meniere's Disease Mx - all new cases need to be referred to ENT - regulating salt and fluid intake, caffeine and smoking reduction has shown some benefit. - Vestibular sedatives - prochloroperazine for acute phase - Betahistine - for maintenance -
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Recurrent vestibulopathy Recurrent vertigo , episodes which last from 5 minutes to 24 hours, occur in the absence of auditory or neurological symptom or signs. The spells occur without a prodrome and with not provoked particular movement.
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Central vestibular Disorders CVA, brain tumours, MS Do not exhibit vertigo as their only presenting symptom Often present with associated neurological deficits CN examination, fundoscopy , neuro examination mandatory
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Vestibular migraine Migraine associated with dizziness Often incorrectly diagnosed as Meniere's Presents with the classic symptoms of Meniere's only difference is presence of other classic signs of migraine ( aura, photophobia and headache)
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Key points Good history 3 common peripheral vestibular disorders , distinguished from history by identifying the duration of the symptoms and associated symptoms R/O important central causes for vertigo